Chapter 18: Cold War Conflicts Section 1: Origins of the Cold War
FDR dies on April 12th, 1945… Vice President Truman becomes the President of the U.S.
Objective… Explain the breakdown in relations between the U.S. and Soviet Union after World War II.
1. Describe the key economic & political differences between the Soviet & American systems of government… US differences… Soviet differences… Similarities between systems…
2. What political, military and technological actions taken before and after the war by the Soviets and Americans had increased tensions between the two nations? Political: Opposing systems of government Military: The Soviet non-aggression pact (1939)… The second front in Europe… Technological: The atomic bomb… Truman lacks diplomatic skills with Stalin
3. Why was the UN organized? To promote world peace How was the organizational goal of the UN compromised by the Soviet-American rivalry? Both countries used the UN to promote their respective political & economic ideologies.
The UN General Assembly Security Council
4. What had the Soviets promised at Yalta Conference? - Germany is divided into occupational zones - Communist regimes in Poland & Yugoslavia - Free elections - Germany will pay reparations - The Soviets will enter the war against Japan Churchill, Roosevelt & Stalin
The Occupational Zones After WW II
What happened to the Yalta promises at the Potsdam Conference? July, 1945 - Stalin would not allow free elections in Eastern Europe… Satellite Nations will be established
Tensions Mounts Objective… Describe how the competing interests of the U.S. and Soviet Union further divided Europe.
5. What the Soviets wanted after the war? 5. What the U.S. wanted after the war? Self determination for all nations… spread democracy Access to raw materials Markets for American goods in Europe Reunite Germany 5. What the Soviets wanted after the war? Spread communism Use industrial equipment from Eastern Europe to rebuild Keep Germany weak & divided… no threat to the Soviet Union
6. & 7. I & E: Containment Policy – U.S. policies (economic & military) that would stop the spread of communism
The line dividing eastern & western Europe. 8. I & E: Iron Curtain – The line dividing eastern & western Europe.
Winston Churchill The “Iron Curtain Speech” Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri March 5, 1946 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jvax5VUvjWQ
Objective…. Describe how the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan were designed to prevent the spread of Communism
9. The Cold War An indirect state of conflict between the US & USSR that would dominate global affairs & US Foreign Policy from 1945-91.
10. The Truman Doctrine The U.S. would support Greece and Turkey with economic and military aid ($400M) to prevent them from falling under Soviet control . The announcement of the Truman Doctrine is considered the start of the Cold War.
THE FIRST SHIP CARRYING MARSHALL PLAN AID ARRIVES IN FRANCE,
11. What was the Marshall Plan? The U.S. provides aid to all European nations to help them rebuild. The main goal was to stop the spread of communism in western Europe.
Objective… Describe how conflicts over Germany increased the fear of Soviet aggression.
Who started the “crisis?”… The Berlin Crisis Operation Vittles… Who started the “crisis?”… Where?... When?... Why?...
The Berlin Airlift
The Results of the Berlin Airlift No food & fuel for 2M West Berliners 327 days 277,000 flights 2.3M tons of cargo Stalin lifts the blockade in May, 1949
Former Allies Clash 12. What did the Soviets hope to accomplish by blocking Allied access to West Berlin? 11. What was the U.S. response to the blockade?
14) North Atlantic Treaty Organization… N.A.T.O. 14) North Atlantic Treaty Organization… Why was NATO formed?
16) The Warsaw Pact…