The Cold War – Part 1 Things Get Chilly

 At Yalta, GB, USSR, and the US decide how to structure the post-war world

 Creation of the United Nations (UN)  Formed to protect member nations against aggression and prevent war  Difference from League of Nations - Permanent members of the Security Council could VETO proposals  Members with veto power - US, USSR, China, France, GB

 Post - WWII, the United States and the Soviet Union are no longer allies  Differences in ideology  lead to diplomatic hostility

 Economics—  Capitalism vs. Communism  Government—  Democracy vs. Totalitarianism  Values—  Freedom vs. Equality  Individualism vs. Collectivism

United StatesSoviet Union  encourage democracy in other countries to help prevent the rise of Communist governments  encourage communism in other countries as part of a worldwide workers’ revolution  gain access to raw materials and markets to fuel booming industries  rebuild its war-ravaged economy using Eastern Europe’s industrial equipment and raw materials  rebuild European governments to promote stability and create new markets for American goods  control Eastern Europe to protect Soviet borders and balance the U.S. influence in Western Europe  reunite Germany to stabilize it and increase the security of Europe  keep Germany divided to prevent its waging war again

 U.S. adopts policy of containment, pledges to support nations that resist communism  Truman Doctrine: Use $$$ to prevent spread of Communism

 economic aid to Western Europe  allows Europe to rebuild  helps create markets for U.S. goods

STOP! How do these posters reflect the mood of postwar Europe and the United States?

STOP! WHAT DO THESE CARTOONS MEAN?

The Cold War – Part 2 Clash of the Titans

Austria Belarus Belgium Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Ireland Italy Latvia Germany Lichtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Russia Slovakia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom Ukraine

 US and GB try to reunify Germany, combine zones into one territory  USSR holds West Berlin hostage  US airlifted supplies into city, allowing its residents to survive

 The US and the USSR organize military alliances  NATO (US and friends) vs. Warsaw Pact (USSR and friends)  Nuclear weapons  Spying  Space race

 Soviets wanted to shield themselves from future attack (do you blame them?)  Communist neighbors (Poland, Romania, Bulgaria) would help  ”Iron Curtain” - the line of Soviet Control in E. Euro  Use E. Euro to rebuild economies  A “thank you” for liberating you?

 1961 – construction of the Berlin Wall

 USSR crushes opposition in Hungary and Czechoslovakia  Keep power at all costs!  U.S. CIA overthrows leaders in Guatemala, Chile, Iran, others  Keep them non- Communist at all costs! Hungarians Topple a Stalin Statue

 Communist Fidel Castro overthrew U.S.-supported Fulgencio Batista  Bay of Pigs invasion (backed by U.S.) fails  Cuban Missile Crisis Castro Batista

 U.S.-aided invasion of Cuba by rebels trained by the CIA ▪ “epic failure” - major disaster ▪ President Kennedy did not send in air support ▪ the revolt failed miserably

 Mikhail Gorbachev: Premier of USSR  Worked with President Reagan to open up USSR to “glasnost” (freedom of speech) and “perestroika” (capitalism)  Eventually lost support of Communist Party and resigned after Communist Party’s coup- d’etat in 1991

 Nations try to be economically powerful again.  Form European Union (EU)  Join nations together to become strong global economic power as a group  Euro

 Now you need to create a one-page study guide reviewing the major terms so far. Show links and connections Yalta Conference (end of WW2) Agreed to Division of Germany and Berlin (US on west and USSR on east) Creation of the UN w/ Security Council - US, USSR, China, GB, and France have veto Origin of the Cold War – disagreements here spill over

 Yalta Conference  United Nations  Division of Germany  Ideologies  Containment  Truman Doctrine  Marshall Plan  Berlin Airlift  NATO / Warsaw Pact  Iron Curtain  Berlin Wall  Cuban Missile Crisis  Fall of the USSR  European Union