The Industrial Revolution: Britain Begins Industrialization Why was Britain the first country to industrialize?

I. Agricultural Revolution in Britain (1700) A. Enclosure Movement: when wealthy landowners buy small farms, combine them (larger fields) & enclose them with fences or hedges B. Large farms begin to experiment with new ways to create larger/more crops 1. 1701: Jethro Tull invents the seed drill a. Plants seeds in well spaced rows, less = bigger crops w/ higher yields 2. Charles “Turnip” Townshend begins crop rotation a. Crop rotation allows you to grow different crops on the same field 3. Farmers practice selective breeding of animals a. Bigger animals= more food! C. Agricultural Revolution  bigger population

A. Most textiles made by hand in cottages (small homes) 1. Every member of the family contributed to a part of the process 2. Workers paid by each piece made III. British Industrialize (1750-1830) A. Bigger pop. needs more goods (esp. textiles)  farmers move to cities to find work  cottage system replaced with textile mills (factories) B. Britain starts to industrialize since they have the factors of production: land, labor, and capital (wealth/money) C. The following factors made Britain first to industrialize: 1) Natural Resources: Large coal & iron deposits to fuel & build machines and factories 2) Stable Government plus many colonies & powerful Navy 3) Transportation: Rivers to transport goods throughout Britain & natural harbors that allow merchants to sail to and from the island 4) Entrepreneurs: Great banking system allows Entrepreneurs to invest money in the new technology II. Cottage System

IV. Inventions & Improvements (1760-1830) A. Textile Industry had many inventions that made the process quicker & easier 1) Spinning Mule 2) Power Loom B. Transportation improvements helps move of goods throughout Britain 2) Steam Locomotive 3) Liverpool-Manchester railroad 1) Watt’s Steam Engine