The Industrial Revolution: The Factory System Unit I: Rights and Revolution History 112 S. Saunders

Outcome 2.1.1 Know, understand, and be able to explain the new ideas and innovations which led to the Industrial Revolution

Supply and Demand PROFIT +LARGER INVESTMENT=HIGHER PROFIT

The Cottage Industry Textiles = made in people’s homes (merchants would provide the raw materials and basic equipment and then pick up the finished product) Workers were able to set their own schedule. Textiles were well-made.

The Cotton Industry 18th C A growing for cotton cloth led British manufactures to look for ways to increase production. Cotton production was a long process, but new technology changes this. demand

The Factory System Cottage Industry could not keep up with supply and demand. New machines were often too big to go in homes: factories Mass-produced textiles were less expensive to make and purchase, thus forcing people out of work. Because of supply and demand, workers in the cottage industry had to leave home to find work in the factories.

Group Project: Inventions and Innovations of the Industrial Revolution SEE HANDOUT Spinning Jenny Steam Engine Puddling Process Flying Shuttle The Water Frame The Power Loom The Cotton Gin The Telegraph The Spinning Mule

Significant European Inventions The Spinning Wheel Circa 1000AD?? (1000 AD??)

The Flying Shuttle: 1733 John Kay Made weaving faster (but weavers then need more thread)

Spinning Jenny 1764 Invented by James Hargreaves ‘jenny’ was an abbreviation for the word ‘engine.’ One person could make multiple spools of thread at the same time. Meeting the needs of the weavers

The Water Frame Circa 1770 Richard Arkwright (John Kay: Hired by factory owner, Arkwright) First powered textile machine https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AloWMoc-3WU 2 minutes

The Water Powered Loom circa 1785 Edmund Cartwright …..inspired by his visit to Arkwright’s factory Improved the speed and quality of weaver. Used steam engines produced by James Watt to drive his looms.

Water Powered Loom

Spinning Mule Samuel Compton – circa 1779 Combined the spinning jenny and the water frame Allowed for greater control over the weaving process (spinning fibers into yarn) Fun fact: ’mule’ signifies a hybrid between 2 earlier machines – like mule as a hybrid between a horse and a donkey

The Cotton Gin circa 1794 Eli Whitney – US born inventor Speed up the process of removing seeds from cotton fiber Cotton based agriculture expands in the US Do you think this may have been a factor in the spread of slavery in the Southern United States?

The Telegraph circa 1837 Samuel Morse sent the first message in 1844 The electric telegraph – revolutionary form of communication Built along railroad lines

These inventions led to the need for more workers to run the machines. Workers lived near factories…near streams and rivers because the early machines were all powered by water.

The Steam Engine Improved by James Watt 1760…changes in 1782 enabled the engine to drive machinery (such as spinning and weaving). Steam engines were powered by coal and not water…..this meant that factories did not have to be located near water.

The ‘Steam Engine’ James Watt (1770)

. F N ‘; Luddite A person who is opposed to technological change. 19th Century English workers who attacked factories and destroyed machinery….a protest supposedly led by ‘Ned Ludd’ ‘The Luddites’ – 51 minutes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RWIyRqn0Gj0

Effects from the Creation of Factories Workers lived near factories…near streams and rivers because the early machines were all powered by water. These inventions led to the need for more workers to run the machines. FOUR EFFECTS: Cottage Industry ends People moved to the cities (urban areas) to work Unhealthy environments in the cities Working Condition problems

Energy for the IR Factories need energy to create steam for their engines. Thus, factories were built near water sources and, at first, forests. Unfortunately, forests became quickly exhausted. Alternate energy sources were needed. Coal was the next available resource. Mining becomes a necessary industry, not only for coal, but for iron to make machines.

The Coal and Iron Industry A cheaper and easier way to create cast iron was developed. The puddling process circa 1749 by Abraham Darby II

Mining

Transportation Machines are needed not only for producing products, but for transporting them, as well as the raw materials. Britain had a vast colonial empire and could transport their goods anywhere in the world. Thus the train: the steam locomotive, becomes a new form of transportation. Other forms of transportation are used in the canals and rivers.