1. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

2. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Describes one of the biggest changes in history – began in Great Britain
The time when people went from making goods by hand to making them with machines
Before the 1700s, any machines that were used were small and privately owned
Work was done in homes or in small workshops

3. Most changes took place around 1750 in Great Britain
Inventors developed machines especially designed to increase the production of goods and to help people make a product
Britain had a large number of workers, women were ready to join the workforce
Britain also had the natural resources needed for industry

4. Natural Resources Anything that comes from the earth
coal could produce energy
Iron used to improve machines/tools, build railroads, bridges, and ships

5. Transportation British developed the transportation that was needed
Products had to be moved – Steam locomotives

6. The Workshop of the world
British became known as:
The Workshop of the world

7. Textile Industry This industry produced cloth
In the early days, British imported their cloth (it was very expensive)
In 1600s, British began to import cotton and spun their own cloth in their homes – spinning wheels and looms
There was never enough cloth – looked for ways to improve and increase production

8. New Inventions
New machines were invented that changed the textile industry
New machines forced the textile business out of homes and into factories
People left their homes and instead went to work in factories

9. 1733 Flying Shuttle – John Kay – made it possible to weave wider pieces of cloth
1764 Spinning Jenny – James Hargreaves – could spin as many as 80 threads at one time
1769 Water Frame – Richard Arkwright – ran by water power and required a special building
1779 – Mule – Samuel Crompton – could spin much finer threads very fast
1785 – Steam Powered Loom – Edmund Cartwright

10. THE STEAM ENGINE
1698 Thomas Savery built the first commercial steam engine
1712 Thomas Newcomen improved Savery’s engine

11. 1769 James Watt invents improved steam engine
Steam engine completely changed transportation
1804 Richard Trevithick built 1st steam locomotive, led to railroad tracks
Other countries began to build their own rail systems

12. Electricity and Petroleum
1831 Michael Faraday invented the dynamo - electric generator
1850s Americans discovered that petroleum could be used to make kerosene (heat, light), could be used to make machines run more smoothly
Oil was to become the most valuable resource in the world and lead to other inventions such as the internal combustion engine, diesel engine

13. Imperialism
The Industrial Revolution meant new inventions and new products/new needs
Needed more raw materials
Britain took over lands in Africa and Asia for their raw materials
This, imperialism, would eventually lead to a World War

14. Industrial revolution changes life

15. Positive Changes Incomes went up
Better food to eat, more meat, sugar, tea, and coffee
Coal heated homes and cooked food
Merchants, bankers, ship owners, and factory grew wealthy
Communication let people learn what was going on in the world
Samuel Morse develops the telegraph, Morse code

16. Negative Changes
Harder for city workers – long days in dirty, dangerous factories, poor wages
Owners hired women/children for lower wages than men
Child labor – read p. 289

17. Cities become darker from ash from factories – air pollution
Population explosion – workers moved to the cities, became overcrowded
Housing built quickly, cheaply, crowded
Sewage and garbage in the streets
Outbreak and spread of disease

18. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION SPREADS
Began in Great Britain, then spread to France, Germany, U.S., Russia, and finally Japan

19. Industrialization forced nations to depend on each other
Had to work out trade agreements for raw materials
Less developed countries need finished products
US, Germany, Japan, and Britain depend on Saudi Arabia, Mexico, Nigeria, and other countries for oil
Africa exports uranium
Chile and Peru export copper

20. The Industrial Revolution has changed the way people live and where they live
It has also changed the way they depend on each other
New developments continue every day