WWI affects the rest of the world Enduring Understandings 1. Nationalism, imperialism, militarism, and alliances propelled the industrialized nations into a devastating world war. 2. Advancement of technology changed the nature of global conflict and cooperation. 3. Cooperation among nations may not necessarily be fair for all parties. Review Battle of Somme – analyze map and read document on page 7 and answer connected questions on page 8. Review the effects of technology and unconventional weapons by reading pages 10 and 11 – Answer: How did poison gas affect soldiers? Why does poison gas seem such a horrible weapon? How does the scientific and industrial revolutions relate to the Industrial technology reading? Intro to the widening of the war – complete page 12 as we go through the powerpoint. Go over Unit 3 test questions Work on storybook – continue planning

Eastern Front Russians and Serbs battle Germans, Austrians, and Turks along the Eastern Front in 1914 Without modern technology, the Russian army was continually short on food, guns, ammunition, clothes, boots, and blankets; hung on through sheer strength of its numbers Allies were unable to ship war supplies to Russia’s ports The Russian Bolshevik Revolution lead to a change in government and a demand to end the war Russia’s new government wanted to quit fighting so Russia signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ending Russia’s war and gave land to Germany

The War Spreads to the rest of the world…

War Affects the World By early 1915 it was apparent that chances for an abbreviated conflict had passed World War I spread to several continents; Germany’s colonial possessions are seized by the Allies as colonial subjects were recruited for service Allied Powers sought a means to end the stalemate; Gallipoli campaign begins in 1915

Gallipoli Campaign 1915-1916 Allied expansion, war moved beyond Europe Purpose of campaign was numerous… Secure the Dardanelles Strait Capture Constantinople Defeat Turks Establish supply line to Russia Effort failed leading to yet another stalemate

United States Enters the War Why? Germany’s unrestricted submarine warfare policy Attack on Lusitania (1915) Zimmermann Note Economic/cultural ties with Allies

World War I Propaganda Because World War I spread to several continents, it required the full resources of many governments, thus making it a “total war.” Using this idea of the “total war” concept, governments created propaganda pieces calling on their citizens to join the war effort. The US was the country that produced the most propaganda. Examples of WWI propaganda can be seen on pgs. 360 & 367.

War Affects the Home Front World War I became a total war, and governments took control of national economies In the U.S. and Europe, citizens underwent rationing of goods With millions of men at the front, many women went to work in factories and elsewhere

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Russia Withdraws from the War By 1917, the Russian government neared collapse as civil unrest and wartime shortages plagued the empire Czar Nicholas II abdicated his throne in March 1917 Russia pulled out of the war in December 1917 with an armistice as Lenin seized power with the promise of peace, land and bread

Russia and Germany sign Brest-Litovsk Treaty March 3, 1918 War on Eastern Front ended Russia had to give up lands now in: Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Ukraine, Poland and Finland – all given to Germany

The Allies Win the War With Russia’s withdrawal, Germany achieved a victory on the Eastern Front Though Germany’s eastern troops headed west, fresh American troops gave the Allies an edge to win the second Battle of the Marne German troops were exhausted – Americans were fresh German materials were worn down and supplies, including food was very limited – Americans arrived with new machines and lots of food After the 2nd Battle of the Marne, Germany was forced to retreat German citizens were tired, worn out, and fed up with war

The Allies Win the War Bulgaria and Ottoman Empire surrendered Revolution against emperor of Austria-Hungary Mutiny in Germany The Kaiser abdicated, Germany and the Allies sign an armistice, ending the war on November 11th, 1918 at 11am