1. War Affects the World
Chapter 13, Section 3

2. A Truly Global Conflict
The European powers are looking for new allies
The two countries not in the war:
United States
Italy

3. Fighting Rages Beyond Europe
Ottoman Empire aligns themselves with the Central Powers
The Allies go after the Dardanelles region
Important because
Leads to the capitol (Constantinople)
Connects the Mediterranean and Black seas

4. Fighting Rages Beyond Europe
By taking out the Turks the Allies could connect with Russia
The Gallipoli campaign begins
Multinational effort
Turkish troops lead by German officers
Ultimately it turns into another bloody stalemate
Started in May ends in December 1915

5. Fighting Rages Beyond Europe
Despite the loss in Gallipoli, 250,000 lost the fight against the Ottomans continues
T. E. Lawrence, British soldier, leads an uprising of Arab nations against the Turks

6. Fighting Rages Beyond Europe
Germany has an extensive colonial empire
Japan overruns their holdings in China
French and English attacked four African holdings, taking three of them
Many subjects from colonies are brought into the war, by choice or force.
Mohandas Gandhi favored the war, hoping to improve their status through cooperation

7. The United States Enters the War
1917 the war picks up on the seas
The British blockaded Germany so the Germans do the same to Britain
Any ship that enters British waters will be sunk
This is known as unrestricted submarine warfare

8. The United States Enters the War
This was not the first time the Germans did this
In 1915 they sunk the Lusitania, passenger ship, killing 1,198 people
128 were U.S. citizens and it upset the U.S. public and President Wilson sent a protest to Germany
Germany stopped this style of warfare until 1917

9. The United States Enters the War
By going back to unrestricted sub warfare the Germans knew they would draw America into the war
Hoping to defeat the British before America could enter
The final straw, The Zimmerman Letter:
Zimmerman, German foreign secretary, sent a letter to ambassador in Mexico stating: If Mexico took back the land America took from them Germany would lend support

10. The United States Enters the War
Many Americans felt a bond with England
So after the Lusitania, continued unrestricted sub warfare, and the Zimmerman Letter…
The United States of America is in the war on April 2, 1917

11. War Affects the Home Front
The war was now in its third year
Europe had lost more men in those three years then in all wars over the past three centuries
This war effected everything

12. Governments Wage Total War
WWI is a total war
Countries devote all their resources to the war effort
The government takes control of the economy
Factories are told what to make
All able-body citizens are put to work
They bring in workers as well

13. Governments Wage Total War
Rationing
People could only buy small amounts of certain goods needed for the war effort
Governments suppressed antiwar activities
Censorship
Propaganda
One-sided information designed to persuade the public’s opinion

14. The War’s Impact on Women
Women now enter the workplace/force
They replace men in the factories
Most women left the workplace after the war but opinions about women’s roles in society are forever changed

15. The Allies Win the War
When the United States entered the war the balance is tipped
The Allies now have the advantage
However, Russia gives the Germans a victory in the East

16. Russia Withdraws from the War
March 1917, there is civil unrest in Russia
Due in part to shortages
Czar Nicholas faced a revolution
He abdicated his thorn on March 15
By million soldiers are casualties
Russian army no longer wants to fight

17. Russia Withdraws from the War
November 1917, a second revolution takes place
Lead by Vladimir Lenin, communist leader
He takes power and offers a truce with Germany
March 1918, Germany and Russia are no longer at war

18. A Failed Final Push
The war is over with Russia so all the German troops head west
The Germans launch an all out assault in March 1918
At first things are going well
But the Germans spent everything to reach the Marne River
Fresh U.S. troops and the Allies counter-attack

19. Allies Final Push In July 1918, the second Battle of Marne is fought
With 350 tanks and 2 million U.S. troops leading the way the Allies slowly push into Germany

20. Allies Final Push The Central Powers start to collapse
Belgium and Ottomans surrender
In October 1918, Austria-Hungary goes into revolutions and they are out
Germany, the soldiers mutinied and the public turns against the Kaiser

21. Allies Final Push November 9, 1918 the Kaiser steps down
Germany is now a republic
They signed two armistice
Agreement to stop fighting
On November 11, 1918 the war comes to an end
Leaders of Europe gather outside Paris to create a new Peace