1. Chapter 13 Section 3 Notes
A Global Conflict

2. War Affects the World
For a time it seemed that the war would forever stay a stalemate
Allies believed that by taking Dardanelles (Ottoman Empire) they could create a direct supply line to Russia
This will be known as the Gallipoli Campaign
This will be an un successful campaign. Will result in stalemated trench warfare and eventually the Allies evacuated leaking roughly 250,000 casualties

3. Japan will overrun German out posts in China and will take Germany’s Pacific island colonies
The Allies will take 3 out of 4 German occupied territories in Africa
In 1917 the focus of the war will shift to the seas
Then in January of 1917 Germany will announce that their submarines will sink all ships found in waters surrounding Great Britain

4. This will come to be known as unrestricted submarine warfare
On May 7, 1915 a German U boat sunk a British passenger ship known as the Lusitania
This attack will leave 1,198 people dead with 128 being U.S. citizens
Germany claimed the ship was carrying ammunition (this was true but we didn’t care)

5. American public will be outraged and President Woodrow Wilson sent a strong message of protest to Germany
Germany will reluctantly agree to stop attacking passenger and neutral ships
This will not last long and the Germans will reverse their actions.
They knew this would bring the U.S into the war so their goal was to starve out Great Britain into defeat before U.S. troops could mobilize

6. The Germans will sink 3 more American ships
Then the U.S. military intercepts a secret message to Mexico from Germany encouraging them to retake lands lost to the U.S in the war
If they did this Germany would ally themselves with Mexico and support their war effort
This will become the “last straw” for Americans
So on April 2, 1917 The United States will formally declare war on Germany and join the allies in the war

7. War Affects the Home Front
By the time the U.S joins the war, fighting had been going n for 3 years
Europe lost more men in WW1 so far than last 3 centuries combined
WW1 will become to be fought under the parameters of “Total War”
Meaning that all efforts and resources were put towards fighting the war

8. In each country the government took complete control of the economy and shifted it to pay for and support the war
Governments took over companies and factories
So many goods were used to fight the war that rationing had to become a common practice (only buy small amounts of items that are needed for war)

9. Governments will spread anti war activity
News was censored about the war
Governments used propaganda (one sided information used to keep up support for war)
Women will replace men in factories, farms, and even sports

10. The Allies Win the War
In March 1917 Czar Nicholas II forced to step down and a new govt. put into place
Then by 1917 up to 5.5 million Russian soldiers killed in war. In disgust Russia will quit fighting in the war
A revolution occurs in Russia and Vladimir Lenin comes to power
One of his first acts was offering Germany a truce

11. March 1918 Germany and Russia will sign the treaty of Brest-Litovsk which ended the war between them
This allowed Germany to send all its forces to fight on the Western Front
March 1918 Germans will launch one final all out assault on the Allies in France
The Germans will slowly but surely push their way through France until Paris was only 40 miles away

12. By this time the Germans were tired, weak, and low on supplies
The Allies with the help of 140,000 fresh American troops will launch a counter attack which creates the 2nd Battle of the Marne
The Allies will win decisively and with the support of 2 million additional American troop, we will push into Germany easily

13. With defeat being inevitable the people residing the countries belonging to the Central Powers will rebel and force its leaders to step down
On November 9, 1918 Kaiser Wilhelm II will step down and declare Germany a republic
A Representative of the New German Republic will meet the French Commander Marshal Foch in a railway car near Paris
The two leaders signed an armistice to stop fighting and end the war

14. The Legacy of the War Created new technology (both wartime and civil)
Showed that a world wide war could be fought
More death than ever. Roughly 8.5 million dead with 21 million wounded
Drained the treasuries of Europe
Bitterness and resentment after the war on all sides