1. A Global Conflict
War Affects the World

2. Gallipoli Campaign
Allies try to attack a region in the Ottoman Empire known as the Dardanelles
It’s a narrow sea strait toward the Ottoman capital, Constantinople
Allied Goal: take the capital, defeat the Turks, Est. supply line for Russia
Turns into a stalemate, with trenches dug for both sides
Allies give up this campaign with 250,000 casualties

3. Battles in Africa and Asia
German Colonies come under attack
Japanese overran German outposts in China and its Pacific island colonies
English and French troops attack Germany’s 4 African possessions – gain 3
British and French recruit troops / laborers from India, South Africa, Senegal, Egypt, Algeria, & Indochina
African colonials fought each other on African soil
Indian soldiers fought alongside the British in Europe

4. America Joins the Fight
1917 war shifts to the high seas
Germans: submarine warfare- Atlantic Ocean
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare: Germans announce they would sink any submarine without warning in the waters around BRITAIN
Lusitania: attack left 1,198 people dead (128 Americans)
Germany claimed it had ammunition: TRUE
American public: OUTRAGED
After 2 more attacks Germany agreed to stop attacking neutral / passenger ships

5. Zimmerman Note
The Zimmermann Telegram was a coded message sent from German Foreign Minister Arthur Zimmermann to Germany's ambassador in Mexico, Heinrich von Eckhardt, in January 1917.
The British managed to intercept this coded message and were able to decipher it. Within this secret message, Zimmermann revealed Germany's plan to restart unrestricted submarine warfare as well as offered Mexico territory help from the United States if Mexico were to declare war on the United States.
When the British shared the contents of the Zimmermann Telegram with the United States, the American public was outraged. Instead of World War I being contained to Europe, which seemed far away, the American public now felt the war was being brought to their own land.
The Zimmermann Telegram helped change public opinion in the United States away from isolationism and toward joining World War I with the Allies.

6. Total War
Total War: Countries devoted all their resources to the war effort
Includes: Britain, Germany, Austria, Russia, France
Wartime government controls the economy
Governments told factories what to produce / how much
Unemployment all but disappeared
Goods in short supply: rationing: could only buy small amounts of items needed for the war
Propaganda: one-sided information designed to persuade, keep up morale and support the war

7. Russia Withdraws
March 1917 civil unrest begins in Russia due to war-related shortages in food and fuel
Czar Nicholas must step down
Provisional Government established
million Russian soldiers were wounded, killed or taken prisoner.
8 months later new government goes into effect November 1917 with Communist leader Vladimir Ilyich Lenin gains power
Lenin offers Germany a truce: March 1918 Treaty signed: Brest-Litovsk ending the war with Germany and Russia

8. Central Powers Collapse
Russia withdrawal from the war allows Germany to send all forces to the Western Front
Germany reaches Marne River in May 1918 – 40 miles to Paris
Germany’s military is weakened: supplies limited and exhausted men
Allies gain 140,000 American Troops at the Second Battle of the Marne and allies advance toward Germany
First Bulgarians and then Ottoman Turks surrender
October 1918 revolution goes through Austria-Hungary
German soldiers mutinied and German public goes against the Kaiser
November 9, 1918: Kaiser Wilhelm II steps down
Germany declares itself a republic

9. World War I Statistics (Stats are for all countries involved)
Total number of men mobilized to fight in World War I
65 million
Percentage of men mobilized in World War I who died
57 %
Total number of causalities in World War I
37 million
Number of missing POW’s from WWI
7.7 million
Number of wounded soldiers in WWI
19.7 million
Number of years of fighting that took place during WWI
4 years
Number of allied countries military causalities in WWI
5.7 million
Number of allied country civilian casualties from WWI
3.67 million
Number of allied countries wounded in WWI
12.8 million
Number of WWI Military casualities
9,720,450
Number of Civilian casualties in WWI
8,865,650
Total War Cost altogther of WWI
$186.3 billion
Armistice
An agreement to stop the fighting is signed on November 11th, and World War I ends.

10. Legacy of the War New kind of war New Technologies
Lots of death and destruction along the landscape
Death of civilians from starvation, disease and slaughter
Economic Impact
$338 Billion cost of the war
Disillusionment settled over survivors
Trench Warfare