1. WWI Affects the World
OLD TEXTBOOK

2. Feb. 1915 Gallipoli campaign begins
What was the purpose of the Gallipoli campaign?
The Allies wanted to gain control of the Dardanelles and Bosporus straights in order to open supply lines to Russia
The campaign became another bloody stalemate

3. Jan. 1917 German policy of unrestricted submarine warfare
Germany believed US was supplying Britain with war supplies
Set up a naval blockade to isolate Britain
Announced it would sink any ship in British waters w/o notice

5. Feb. 1917 British intercept the Zimmerman Note
Why did the US enter the war?
Upset at German sinking of neutral ships carrying US passengers (i.e. The Lusitania)
Interception of the Zimmerman Note
Closer cultural and economic ties to Britain and France than Germany or A-H
Reports of German war atrocities (propaganda)

7. On the first of February we intend to begin submarine warfare unrestricted. In spite of this, it is our intention to endeavor to keep neutral the United States of America.
If this attempt is not successful, we propose an alliance on the following basis with Mexico: That we shall make war together and together make peace. We shall give general financial support, and it is understood that Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona. The details are left to you for settlement

8. You are instructed to inform the President of Mexico of the above in the greatest confidence as soon as it is certain that there will be an outbreak of war with the United States and suggest that the President of Mexico, on his own initiative, should communicate with Japan suggesting adherence at once to this plan; at the same time, offer to mediate between Germany and Japan.
Please call to the attention of the President of Mexico that the employment of ruthless submarine warfare now promises to compel England to make peace in a few months.
~Zimmermann

9. Civilian Life WWI was fought at home as well as on the battlefield
A war fought this way is called total war
In total war, all of a nation’s resources go into the war effort
Women filled jobs that soldiers left behind

10. Examples of Total War… Gov’t drafts men to fight in the war
Gov’t raises taxes and borrows $$ to pay for the war
Gov’t rations, or limits, the supply of goods at home to supply the military
Gov’t uses the press to print propaganda
The spreading of ideas to promote a cause or damage an opposing cause

14. Why did the Czar’s government collapse?
War-related shortages of food and fuel put Russia’s government on the brink of collapse
Czar Nicholas II abdicated on 3/15/1917
In his place a provisional (temporary) government was set up that continued Russian involvement in the war

15. Nov. 1917 Lenin seizes power in Russia
Due to Russia’s continued involvement in the war, another revolution occurred in Nov. 1917
Led by the Communists and Vladimir Lenin who seized power
Lenin’s first act was to withdraw Russian troops from the war

16. March 1918 Germany and Russia sign Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
What were the terms of this treaty?
Ended war between Russian and Germany
Required Russia to surrender land to Germany
Finland, Poland, Latvia, etc.
Treaty became invalid after the war and these countries gained independence

17. 17

18. July 1918 Allies and Germans fight Second Battle of the Marne
What was significance of this battle?
Major turning point that slowly pushes Germany out of France
Fresh US troops were key to Allied victory

19. Nov. 11, 1918 WWI ends
What event signaled the final defeat of the Central Powers?
German Kaiser Wilhelm II was forced to step down due to mutiny of soldiers and shifting public opinion
Germany declares itself a republic
New German gov. signs an armistice with the Allies to stop fighting (11/11/1918)

20. “On the eleventh day of the eleventh month
at the eleventh hour…”

23. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I_casualties