1. Chapter 13 Section 3 A Global Conflict
Objective: Summarize the spread of the conflict, the Allies’ push to victory, & the effects of the war
Vocabulary: Unrestricted submarine warfare, Total War, Rationing, Propaganda, & Armistice

2. Setting the Stage World War I was much more than a European conflict
Japan & Australia entered the war on the Allies side
Ottoman Empire allied themselves with the Central Power
The Great Powers looks for other allies around the world to tip the balance in their favor

3. War Affects the World
The Allies came up with a strategy to attack the Dardanelles in the Ottoman Empire
The Gallipoli Campaign sought to take over Constantinople & establish a supply line to Russia
The Germans & Turks vigorously defended the region
Gallipoli turned into another bloody stalemate & dug trenches
The Allies gave up the campaign & began to evacuate

4. Battles in Africa & Asia
Japanese overran German outposts in China
English & French troops attacked Germany’s four African possessions, seizing control of 3
British & French recruited subjects in their colonies to fight in the struggle
Gandhi supported India’s participation in World War I, hoping this would gain their independence

5. America Joins the Fight
In January 1917, the Germans announced they would sink any ship around Britain without warning
Unrestricted submarine warfare – use of submarines to sink without warning any ship found in enemy’s waters
Germany had already tried the policy by sinking the passenger ship the Lusitania (killing 1198 including 128 US citizens)
The Germans claimed it was carrying ammunition which was true
Despite warning from President Wilson, the Germans sank 3 American ships

6. America Joins the Fight
February 1917, Officials intercepted a telegram from Arthur Zimmermann
The Zimmermann note stated that Germany would help Mexico “reconquer” lost land to the United States if they would ally itself with Germany
America’s economic ties with the Allies were stronger than those with the Central Powers
April 2, 1917 – President Wilson asked Congress to declare war on Germany, entering the war on the side of the Allies

7. War Affects the Home Front
Europe had lost more men in battle than in all the wars of the previous 3 centuries
The war had claimed the lives of millions & changed countless lives forever
The Great War affected not only soldiers but civilians as well

8. Governments Wage Total War
Total War – a conflict in which the participating countries devote all their resources to the war effort
Government took control of the economy, telling factories what to produce & how much
Every able-bodied civilian was put to work
Rationing – limiting amount of goods people can by, imposed by government during wartime
Leaders believed that “real” reporting of the war would turn people against it
Propaganda – material spread to advance a cause or damage an opponent’s cause

9. Women & the War
Women began to replace men in factories, offices, & shops
Women built tanks, paved streets, & ran hospitals
Although they only worked during the war, it changed the mindset of what women were capable of

10. The Allies Win the War
In March 1917, civil unrest in Russia, forced Czar Nicholas to step down
War-weary Russia refused to fight any longer after 5.5 million were either wounded, killed, or taken prisoner
In November 1917, Lenin sized power implementing a communist government
Germany & Russia signed the Treaty of Brest- Litovsk, ending the war between them

11. The Central Powers Collapse
In March 1918, Germany launched an all over final attack on the Western Front
Victory was within reach for Germany
140,000 fresh U.S. troops launched a counterattack to save Paris
With the arrival of 2 million American troops, the Allied forces began to advance toward Germany
November 9, 1918, Kaiser Wilhelm II stepped down & Germany became a republic
Armistice – agreement to stop fighting
November 11, 1918, World War I came to an end

12. The Legacy of the War 8.5 million soldiers died as a result of the War
It also led to the death of countless civilians
The Great War devastated the economies of European countries
The total cost was closer to 338 billion
It also left a deep mark on Western society