1. Section 13-3 A Global Conflict

2. War Affects the World The Gallipoli Campaign Allies move to capture the Ottoman Dardanelle strait in Feb 1915 The hoped to defeat the Ottoman Empire, (a Central Powers ally) They also want to open the supply line through the region to Russia The effort ends in costly loses for the Allies

3. America Joins the Fight Germany seeks to control the Atlantic Ocean to stop supplies to Britain Use unrestricted submarine warfare – any ships near Britain sunk w/o warning They halted the policy in 1915 after the sinking of the Lusitania (a British passenger liner w/ Am. on it) Renews policy in 1917 to starve Brit. Out of the war quick Enlists Mexico with the Zimmerman Note to attack the US to keep them out of the war US declares war on Germany after intercepting the note & joins the allies

4. War Affects the Home Front Governments Wage Total War WWI becomes a total war – nations devote all of their resources to the war Gov’t take control of economy to produce war goods Nations turn to rationing-limiting purchases of war related goods Propaganda – one sided information to build morale & support of war

5. Women and the War At home thousands of women fill jobs previously held by men Many women also experienced the war by working as nurses in the military

6. The Allies Win the War Russia Withdraws Civil unrest in Russia forces the czar to step down from the throne in 1917 Communists soon take control of Russia’s government Russia signs a treaty w/ Germany in March 1918 & pulls out of the war (treaty of Brest- Litovsk)

7. The Central Powers Collapse With Russia gone, Germany moves most of its forces to the Western Front Heavy fighting takes place, b/ the Allies force the Germans back Allies win the war An Armistice - end of fighting, it was signed in 1918

8. Legacy of the War War takes a heavy toll, 8.5 million soldiers are dead, 21 million are wounded WWI devastates the European economy & drains the national treasuries Many acres of land & homes were destroyed Survivors suffer despair & disillusionment, this was reflected in art