1. A Global Conflict and Total Warfare.
Section 13-3
A Global Conflict and Total Warfare.

2. War Affects the World The Gallipoli Campaign
Allies move to capture the Ottoman Dardanelle strait in Feb 1915
The hoped to defeat the Ottoman Empire, (a Central Powers ally)
They also want to open the supply line through the region to Russia
The effort ends in costly loses for the Allies

3. America Joins the Fight
Germany seeks to control the Atlantic Ocean to stop supplies to Britain
Use unrestricted submarine warfare – any ships near Britain sunk w/o warning
They halted the policy in 1915 after the sinking of the Lusitania (a British passenger liner w/ Am. on it) and killing 1,198 civilians including 128 U.S. citizens
Germany renews the policy in 1917 to knock Brit. out of the war quickly
Enlists Mexico with the Zimmerman Note to attack the US to keep them out of the war
US declares war on Germany after intercepting the note & joins the allies

4. War Affects the Home Front
Governments Wage Total War
WWI becomes a total war – nations devote all of their resources to the war
Gov’t takes control of the economy to produce war goods
Nations turn to rationing-limiting purchases of war related goods
Propaganda – one sided information to build morale & support of war

5. Propaganda

6. Women and the War
At home thousands of women fill jobs previously held by men
Many women also experienced the war by working as nurses in the military

7. The Allies Win the War Russia Withdraws
Civil unrest in Russia forces the czar to step down from the throne in 1917
Communists soon take control of Russia’s government
Russia signs a treaty w/ Germany in March 1918 & pulls out of the war (treaty of Brest-Litovsk)

8. The Central Powers Collapse
With Russia gone, Germany moves most of its forces to the Western Front
Heavy fighting takes place, b/ the Allies force the Germans (Germany’s allies collapse leaving them to fight by themselves)
Allies win the war
An Armistice - end of fighting, it was signed in 1918

9. Legacy of the War
War takes a heavy toll, 8.5 million soldiers are dead, 21 million are wounded
WWI devastates the European economy & drains the national treasuries
Many acres of land & homes were destroyed
Survivors suffer despair & disillusionment, this was reflected in art