1. UNIT #9 REVIEW
WORLD HISTORY

2. (1) What were the long-term causes of WWI?
M.A.I.N.: Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism
(2) WWI began as a war between what two nations?
Austria-Hungary & Serbia
(3) What was the immediate cause of WWI?
Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
(4) What was proposed in the Zimmerman Telegram?
A Mexican-German alliance in which Mexico would attack the US in return for land
(5) What is unrestricted submarine warfare?
Firing on ships regardnless of their nationality if they enter certain areas
(6) Who was in the Triple Alliance before the war began?
Germany, Austria-Hungary, & Italy
(7) Why did the US enter the war?
Germany’s continued use of unrestricted submarine warfare

3. (8) What brought Britain into the war?
German invasion of Belguim
(9) What was in the “blank check” Germany issued to Austria-Hungary?
Promise of support in whatever action Austria took against Serbia
(10) How did the two alliances contribute to the outbreak of war?
Increased tensions b/w European nations; caused a small conflict (b/w A-H & Serbia) to become a larger one involving more nations
(11) Full mobilization of Russia’s army was considered what by Germany?
Act of war
(12) What were the characteristics of the Western Front?
Trench warfare that kept both sides in virtually the same position for four years
(13) What was the Schlieffen Plan?
Germany’s plan for a two-front war w/ Russia & France
(14) What was life like in the trenches?
Unpleasant (filled w/ rats & human corpses), filthy, & cold; solders were disillusioned & wanted to go home

4. (15) What was a characteristic of the Eastern Front?
Decisive German victories & horrific Russian losses
(16) What did Russia do when Germany withdrew from the war?
Germany concentrates on Western Front & sends troops to German-French border
(17) Why were the British & French upset w/ Russia?
The Russians had dropped out of the war
(18) Where was the Western Front mostly fought?
France
(19) What is a “total war”?
A war involving the complete mobilization of resources & people
(20) What changed when the US entered the war?
Added hundreds of thousands of fresh troops to the Allied causes (US troops hadn’t been fighting for four years like soldiers in Europe)
(21) Where was the Eastern Front?
Russian-German border

5. (22) What was a difference b/w the Eastern Front & the Western Front?
The Eastern Front was more mobile
(23) What was “no man’s land”?
Area b/w each side’s trenches where most of the fighting & dying occurred
(24) Who were the Central Powers?
Austria-Hungary, Germany, Ottoman Empire
(25) What was Germany’s position for most of the war?
Germany faced a war on two fronts
(26) What were some of the technological advancements during WWI?
Hand-grenades (artillery), tanks, poisonous gas, machine guns
(27) Who were the Allied Powers?
Britain, Russia, Russia, Italy, Serbia, Japan, US (Hint - NOT: Germany, A-H, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire)
(28) What happened to Germany as a result of the Treaty of Versailles?
Military restrictions, territorial losses, & war guilt (payment for damages from war)

6. (29) Who won WWI?
Allied Powers
(30) What was the name of the treaty that ended the war?
Treaty of Versailles
(31) What was in President Wilson’s Fourteen Points?
Self-determination of colonies, reduction of armies & navies, freedom of the seas
(32) What did President Wilson want at the end of the war?
“Peace without victory”
(33) Why didn’t the US ratify the treaty?
It included the League of Nations
(34) What are reparations?
Payments made to to the victor to cover the costs of war
(35) Who made the decisions at the Paris Peace Conference?
The Big Four: France, US, Britain, Italy

7. Ideas spread to influence public opinion
(36) What empires fell apart at the end of WWI?
Ottoman, German, & Austrian-Hungarian empires
(37) What is propaganda?
Ideas spread to influence public opinion
(38) What is an armistice?
An agreement or truce to end fighting
(39) How did the Treaty of Versailles punish Germany?
Forced Germany to accept blame for war & pay reparations
(40) What was the relationship b/w the Russian Revolution & WWI?
WWI created conditions w/in Russia that helped trigger revolution
(41) What was the disastrous mistake made by the Russian Duma?
To continue in WWI (even though most Russians wanted “peace & bread”)
(42) Who was the leader of the Bolsheviks during the Russian Revolution?
Vladimir Lenin

8. (43) What was a political change during the Russian Revolution?
Bolsheviks replace Nicholas II
(44) What are some causes of the Russian Revolutions?
Heavy losses in WWI, food & fuel shortages, & opposition to the czar
(45) What caused Russian women to strike in March 1917?
Bread lines (shortages) & a desire to pull out of the war
(S/A 1) Reasons US entered war
Sympathetic to Allied Powers, Unrestricted sub warfare, Zimmerman Telegram
(S/A 2) New weapons used during WWI
Poisonous gas, tanks, machine guns, artillery, planes
(S/A 3) New roles created for women during WWI
Factory workers & nurses
(S/A 4) What did Lenin sign to end Russia’s involvement in WWI, & what did Russia give up as a result?
Signed Treaty of Brest-Litovsk w/ Germany, giving up much Russian territory