1. The Great War—1914-1918 Unit 4—World War I Enduring Understandings
1. Nationalism, imperialism, militarism, and alliances propelled the industrialized nations into a devastating world war.
2. Advancement of technology changed the nature of global conflict and cooperation.
3. Cooperation among nations may not necessarily be fair for all parties.

2. Mid-Semester Review
What do you remember?

3. How are the following related to one another?
Scientific Revolution
Enlightenment
French Revolution
Napoleon / Congress of Vienna
Nationalism
Industrial Revolution
Capitalism
Communism
Imperialism

4. Causes of WWI
Enduring Understandings 1. Nationalism, imperialism, militarism, and alliances propelled the industrialized nations into a devastating world war. 2. Advancement of technology changed the nature of global conflict and cooperation. 3. Cooperation among nations may not necessarily be fair for all parties.
Turn in core assessment – electronically drop in my drop box
Get handouts from front table
Read the WWI story book project directions – questions?
Introduction to WWI – take notes
Watch video clips
Watch Days that Shook the World – the Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand – answer questions on handout

5. Causes of WWI Nationalism Imperialism Militarism Alliances
Crisis in the Balkans
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

6. Tangled Alliance System
European nations formed military alliances with one another to maintain a balance of power and preserve peace across the continent
1882—Triple Alliance formed
1907—Triple Entente formed

8. Crisis in the Balkans
By 1900s, power of Ottoman Empire in rapid decline
Various ethnic groups sought to break free from Turkish rule, while new nations were formed and wanted to expand
Desired to control trade routes in Mediterranean region
Balkan region referred to as “powder keg” of Europe

10. Crisis in the Balkans
Serbian nationalism forces a wedge between Russia and Austria-Hungary
A Serbian nationalist assassinates the Austro-Hungarian archduke and archduchess in Sarajevo
Austria issues an ultimatum to Serbia, rejects Serbia’s offer to negotiate, and declares war
Nations begin to mobilize

11. Because you are the enemy…and your mustache is better than mine.
Why do you want me dead?
Because you are the enemy…and your mustache is better than mine.
p.s. We Serbs do not want Austria-Hungary to run our country – Serbs for Serbia!!!

15. Video intermission - the exciting story of
Days that Shook the World – the Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

16. Path to War
European nations are divided into Central Powers and Allies
When Russia mobilizes along the German border, Germany declares war on Russia and France
The German declaration of war brings Great Britain into the conflict
Continental Europe is at war with itself; other nations will join later as the war spreads worldwide

17. Academic Label map of 1914 Europe Refer to page 365 in your textbook
Be sure to identify the alliance systems on your map
Read primary source—The Murder of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Assume the identity of a citizen of Austria-Hungary; you’ve just been told of the assassination of the archduke, heir to your empire’s throne. Record a one-paragraph response that describes your reaction to the event and what you think A/H should do in response to the attack

18. WWI—A Review… Nationalism spurs competition among European nations
Imperialism deepens national rivalries
Militarism leads to large standing armies
Alliances - Members of the Triple Entente join the Allies; members of the Triple Alliance join the Central Powers; additionally, many colonial subjects were recruited to serve
A weakening Ottoman Empire leads to a crisis in the Balkans
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand leads to the beginning of World War I, as Austria declares war on Serbia

20. A Breakdown…Who was where?
Allied Powers
Central Powers
France
Russia
Great Britain
Japan (1914)
United States (1917)
Italy (1915)
Claimed that its membership in the Triple Alliance had been a defensive strategy
Felt that Germany had made unprovoked attack on Belgium
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Bulgaria
Ottoman Empire

21. Stalemate
As nations mobilize for war, Germany employs the Schlieffen Plan
It was thought that Russia—with its lack of railroads—would have difficulty mobilizing its troops
Violation of Belgian neutrality brings Great Britain into the war

23. Stalemate
The Allied victory at the Marne breaks the back of the Schlieffen Plan
Trench warfare and the failure to capture new ground make life on the Western Front an ongoing horror
New weapons of war—machine guns (much improved by the time of WWI), tanks, poison gas, airplanes, submarines, etc.—are used in battles along the Western Front
Despite major battles and horrific casualties, neither side advances

30. Click on image to view video

31. Eastern Front
Russians and Serbs battle Germans, Austrians, and Turks along the Eastern Front
Without modern technology, the Russian army was continually short on food, guns, ammunition, clothes, boots, and blankets; hangs on through sheer strength of its numbers
Allies are unable to ship war supplies to Russia’s ports

32. Trench Warfare Letter Where you are The year Your condition
Assume the identity of a World War I soldier fighting along the Western Front. Write a letter home to a relative/friend in which you describe your experience on the frontline. Your two- paragraph letter must include the following information…
Where you are
The year
Your condition
What combat is like
Your hopes/feelings

33. War Affects the World
By early 1915 it is apparent that chances for an abbreviated conflict have passed
World War I spreads to several continents; Germany’s colonial possessions are seized by the Allies as colonial subjects are recruited for service
Allied Powers sought a means to end the stalemate; Gallipoli campaign begins in 1915

34. Gallipoli Campaign Allied expansion, war moves beyond Europe
Purpose of campaign was numerous…
Secure the Dardanelles Strait
Capture Constantinople
Defeat Turks
Establish supply line to Russia
Effort fails, yet another stalemate

35. United States Enters the War
Why?
Germany’s unrestricted submarine warfare policy
Attack on Lusitania (1915)
Zimmermann Note
Economic/cultural ties with Allies

36. War Affects the Home Front
World War I becomes a total war, and governments take control of national economies
In the U.S. and Europe, citizens undergo rationing of goods
With millions of men at the front, many women go to work in factories and elsewhere

37. Russia Withdraws from the War
By 1917, the Russian government nears collapse as civil unrest and wartime shortages plague the empire
Czar Nicholas II abdicates his throne in March 1917
Russia pulls out of the war in early 1918
Lenin seizes power

38. The Allies Win the War
With Russia’s withdrawal, Germany achieves a victory on the Eastern Front
Though Germany’s eastern troops head west, fresh American troops give the Allies an edge to win the second Battle of the Marne
The Kaiser abdicates, and Germany and the Allies sign an armistice, ending the war on November 11th, 1918

39. World War I Propaganda Activity
Because World War I spread to several continents, it required the full resources of many governments, thus making it a “total war.” Using this idea of the “total war” concept, create a propaganda piece calling on Americans to join the war effort. Your war poster must be done neatly, include color, and convey a message justifying the American war effort. Examples of WWI propaganda can be seen on pgs. 360 & Please produce your propaganda piece on a single sheet of printer paper and include a one-paragraph explanation as to the message of your work. Good luck!

40. Versailles Mapping Activity
Assume the role of one of the “Big Four”
Read directions carefully
Answer the questions listed
Draw the borders of the postwar world that you desire and present your map to your group members
Compromise and create a map of postwar Europe that satisfies each person in your group
Time: ~ 45 minutes

41. Treaty of Versailles Conference to establish terms of peace after WWI
Represented by the “Big Four”
Woodrow Wilson, president of the United States (14 points proposal—see handout)
Georges Clemenceau, prime minister of France
David Lloyd George, prime minister of Great Britain
Vittorio Orlando, prime minister of Italy
Not represented—Russia, Germany, German allies

43. Treaty of Versailles Treaty punishes Germany
Excludes Germany from League of Nations
Seizes all colonial possessions in Africa and the Pacific
Restricted the size and activities of its military
Forced to accept full responsibility for the war
Required to pay war reparations
Creates new nations (see map 1918 Europe—pg. 382 or 857)
Establishes a League of Nations, an international organization whose goal would be to keep peace among nations

44. The Legacy of the War
The war leaves 8.5 million soldiers dead and 21 million wounded, as well as millions of civilians dead and wounded
The war costs $338 billion, destroys land and towns in Europe and Russia, and causes disillusionment in society, as an entire generation of Europeans is lost
Treaty of Versailles would not lead to a lasting peace, but instead serve as a cause of WWII

46. Frank Buckles

47. George Will Editorial Response
Read “Just one doughboy remains from the Great War”
On the back of the paper record a one-paragraph response that answers the following questions: Why is it important to recognize and celebrate the life of someone like Frank Buckles? What can we learn from his story?