Subjunctive vs. Indicative pág. 1/8 OBJECTIVE: TLW analyze, compare, and contrast the Subjunctive mood from the Indicative mood. TLW use the Subjunctive in order to express doubt, uncertainty, or probability correctly in the Target language in spoken and written form. 1. The subjunctive is one of three moods in Spanish. A mood is used to talk about desires, doubts, wishes, conjecture and possibilities. The other two moods are the indicative and the imperative. In the Subjunctive, the endings are SWITCHED!!! (-ar verbs will take the –er endings, -er/-ir verbs will take the –ar endings.) 2. The indicative mood is used to talk about facts that are true and concrete. This is the same as the Regular Present Tense. 3. Mood vs. Tense Grammatical mood expresses a person’s attitude toward a statement. Grammatical tense refers to the time that an action took place. There are 3 tenses in Spanish; the past, the present, and the future. 4. How to distinguish between the Subjunctive and the Indicative. The Subjunctive mood is used to express things that are subjective and/or possible, but not certain/concrete. This includes things like doubts, wishes, recommendations, etc. Think of the subjunctive as anything that it not 100%, without a doubt for sure. *Ejemplo: It is possible that Valesha studies Spanish.- Es posible que Valesha estudie español. 5. The Indicative mood is used to express things that are objective and/or certain. This includes things like facts, descriptions, and scheduled events. Use the indicative when there is no uncertainty/probability mentioned. *Ejemlplo: Valesha studies Spanish.- Valesha estudia español. An L. Ford Production © 2019

Subjunctive vs. Indicative pág. 2/8 Ejemplos: El Subjuntivo 1. The doctor recommends that he takes the medicine with food. -El médico recomienda que él tome la medicina con comida. I doubt that she is going to The Dominican Republic next summer. -Yo dudo que ella vaya a La República Dominicana el verano próximo. I want Michael to go to the store today. -Yo quiero que Miguel vaya a la tienda hoy. I hope that they will come to my party next weekend. -Yo espero que ellos vengan a mi fiesta el fín de semana próximo. Mother wishes that you (fam.) clean the bathroom. -Ella espera que tú limpies el baño. It is preferable that you all don’t swim in the ocean. -Es preferible que Uds. no naden en el océano. It is probable that she will arrive late to algebra class today. -Es probable que ella llegue tarde a la clase de álgebra hoy. 8. I hope that I win the lottery tonight. -Ojalá que yo gane la lotería esta noche. 9. I don’t believe that it will rain today. -Yo no creo que llueva hoy. 10. I’m afraid that it will snow tomorrow. -Yo tengo miedo que nieve mañana. 11. It is not certain that she will leave. -No es cierto que ella salga. An L. Ford Production © 2019

Subjunctive vs. Indicative pág. 3/8 Ejemplos: El Indicativo (Regular Present Tense) He is taking the medicine with food. -Él toma la medicina con comida. 2. She is going to the Dominican Republic next summer. -Ella va a La República Dominicana el verano próximo. Michael is going to the store today. -Miguel va a la tienda hoy. There is no doubt that she is coming to my party. -No hay duda que ella viene a mi fiesta. You (fam.) are cleaning the bathroom. -Tú limpias el baño. 6. It is obvious that I am swimming in the Pacific Ocean. -Es obvio que yo nado en el océano Pacífico. An L. Ford Production © 2019

Subjunctive vs. Indicative es posible que-it’s possible that es preciso que- it’s necessary that es preferible que-it’s preferable that es probable que- it’s probable that es raro que- it’s rare that es ridículo que-it’s ridiculous that estar contento que-to be happy that es terrible que-it’s terrible that hasta que- until insistir en que-to insist that mandar que- to order that no creer que-to not believe that no estar convecido de que- to not be convinced that no estar seguro de que- to not be sure that no es verdad que- it’s not true that no parecer que- to not seem that no pensar (e-ie) que- to not think that ojalá que- to hope that preferir (e-ie) que- to prefer that prohibir que- to prohibit recomendar (e-ie) que- to recommend that sentir (e-ie) que- to regret that sugerir (e-ie) que- to suggest that temer que- (e-ie) to fear that tener miedo de que- to be afraid that necesitar que-to need to pág. 4/8 Palabras claves para el subjuntivo: (Key words for the Subjunctive): a menos que- unless con tal de que- provided that conviene que/es aconsejable que- it is advisable that dudar que- to doubt that en caso de que- in case es bueno que- it’s good that es difícil que- it’s unlikely that no es cierto que-it’s not certain that 8. es dudoso que-it’s doubtful that 9. es fácil que-it’s likely that 10. es importante que- it’s important that 11. es imposible que- it’s impossible that 12. es improbable que- it’s unlikely that 13. es incierto que- it’s uncertain that 14. es increíble que- it’s incredible that 15. es una lástima que- it’s a shame/pity that 16. es malo que- it’s bad that 17. es mejor que- it’s better that 18. es menester que-it’s necessary that 19. es necesario que- it’s necessary that 20. esperar que- to wish that 47. es importante que-it is important that 48. encantar que-to love that 49. es fantástico que-it’s fantastic that 50. me sorprende que-I’m surprised that An L. Ford Production © 2019

Subjunctive vs. Indicative pág. 5/8 Palabras Claves para el indicativo: (Key words for the Indicative): creer que- to believe that no (hay)dudar que- to (there is no) not doubt that es cierto que- it is certain that es claro que- it is clear that es evidente que- it is certain/evident that es obvio que- it is obvious that estar seguro que- to be sure that es verdad que- it’s true that no cabe duda que- there’s no doubt that no hay duda que- there’s no doubt that no es dudoso que- it is not doubtful that ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ejemplos: 1. There is no doubt that he is tall and strong. -No hay duda que él es alto y fuerte. 2. It is not doubtful that I am in Spanish class. -No es dudoso que yo estoy en la clase de español. An L. Ford Production © 2019

Subjunctive vs. Indicative pág. 6/8 How to form the Subjunctive Start with the Yo form of the Present Indicative (a.k.a. Present tense) Drop the –o ending. SWITCH ENDINGS! -ar verbs will take the –er/-ir endings. -er/-ir verbs will take the –ar endings. WATCH OUT FOR THE IRREGULAR YO FORM VERBS (VER ABAJO (SEE BELOW) Y PÁGINA 7) STEM-CHANGES?- YES, BUT NOT IN THE NOSOTROS FORM! (THIS APPLIES TO –AR & -ER VERBS) -Ir verbs can stem-change in ALL FORMS of the subjunctive; INCLUDING NOSOTROS! These verbs will take a “HALF” stem-change in the nosotros form, meaning o-ue verbs will change to o-u, e-ie verbs will change to e-i , e-i verbs will change to i. **COMMON –IR VERBS THAT WILL STEM-CHANGE IN ALL FORMS: Dormir(se), Pedir, Sentir(se), Repetir, Decir, Medir, Reír(se), Sonreír(se), Servir, Vestir(se), Despedir(se), Morir(se). *Reír and Sonreír will keep the accent mark in ALL forms in the Subjunctive, EVEN NOSOTROS* COMMON VERBS WITH AN IRREGULAR YO FORM: caber-to fit-yo quepo caer-to fall-yo caigo conducir-to drive/to conduct- yo conduzco conocer-to know (pers./place)- yo conozco *dar-to give-(*IRREGULAR. VER PÁGINA 7*) escoger-to choose/to select-yo escojo exigir-to demand-yo exijo hacer-to do/to make-yo hago oír-to hear-yo oigo (LOSES ACCENT IN ALL FORMS) 19. venir- to come-yo vengo 20. ver-to see- yo veo 10. poner-to put/to place-yo pongo 11. recoger-to pick up (something)-yo recojo 12. *saber-to know a fact/info.-(*IRREGULAR. VER PÁGINA 7) 13. salir-to leave/to go out-yo salgo 14. seguir-to follow- yo sigo 15. tener-to have- yo tengo 16. traducir-to translate-yo traduzco 17. traer-to bring-yo traigo 18. valer- to be worth-yo valgo An L. Ford Production © 2019

Subjunctive vs. Indicative pág. 7/8 Verbos Irregulares en el Subjuntivo: dar-to give- dé,des,dé,demos,den estar-to be- esté, estés, esté, estemos, estén haber-to have (auxiliary verb)-haya,hayas,haya,hayamos,hayan ir-to go-vaya,vayas,vaya,vayamos,vayan saber-to know a fact/info-sepa,sepas,sepa,sepamos,sepan ser-to be- sea, seas, sea, seamos, sean ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Spell- Changing Verbs: 1. If the verb ends in –gar, it will spell-change to –gue in ALL forms of the subjunctive, including nosotros. 2. If the verb ends in –car, it will spell-change to –que in ALL forms of the subjunctive, including nosotros. 3. If the verb ends in –zar, it will spell-change to –ce in ALL forms of the subjunctive, including nosotros. *NOTE: Some verbs will require a Stem-Change AND a spell change: (Ejemplos-empezar, comenzar, almorzar, llegar, y más) EJEMPLOS: It’s improbable that I will eat lunch in the cafeteria today -Es improbable que yo almuerce en la cafetería hoy. 2. I suggest that you all start to study the new lesson. -Yo sugiero que Uds. empiecen estudiar la lección nueva. An L. Ford Production © 2019

Subjunctive vs. Indicative pág. 8/8 Subjunctive Endings: -ar verbs: yo-e tú- es *La tercera persona singular*: él, ella, Ud.-e nosotros-emos *La tercera persona plural*: ellos, ellas, Uds.-en -er/-ir verbs: yo-a tú- as *La tercera persona singular*: él, ella, Ud.-a nosotros-amos *La tercera persona plural*: ellos, ellas, Uds.-an ANOTA: Third person singular and Third person plural endings in the Subjunctive are the EXACT SAME! An L. Ford Production © 2019