1. The Subjunctive Present Subjunctive Verbs of will and influence
Verbs of emotion
Verbs of doubt or denial

2. Present Subjunctive in noun clauses
The subjunctive (el subjunctivo) is used mainly in multiple clause sentences that express will, influence, emotion, doubt, or denial.
RULE: Drop –o from the yo form of present indicative and add subjunctive endings:
(–ar verbs add –e; –er and –ir verbs add –a)

3. Present Subjunctive in noun clauses
Note that the yo form is the same as el, ella, and Usted in the subjunctive.

4. Present Subjunctive (regular forms)
hablar
comer
escribir
hable
coma
escriba
hables
comas
escribas
hablemos
comamos
escribamos
habléis
comáis
escribáis
hablen
coman
escriban

5. Present Subjunctive (irregular forms)
Yo form of irregular verbs maintain their irregularity throughout present subjunctive
conocer/conozca
sequir/siga
decir/diga
tener/tenga
hacer/haga
traer/traiga
oir/olga
venir/venga
poner/ponga
ver/vea

6. Present Subjunctive (stem-changing verbs) **= same as yo form
Maintain the same changes as in present indicative. Remember only -ir verbs change in nosotros/as and vosotros/as* forms. *vosotros not shown
pensar (e:ie)
piense, pienses, ** , pensemos, piensen
jugar (u:ue)
juege, jueges, ** , juguemos, jueguen
mostrar (o:ue)
muestre, muestres, ** , mostremos, muestren
entender (e:ie)
entienda, entiendas, ** , entendamos, entiendan
resolver (o:ue)
resuelva, resuelvas, ** , resolvamos, resuelvan
pedir (e:i)
pida, pidas, ** , pidamos, pidan
sentir (e:ie)
sienta, sientas, ** , sintamos, sientan
dormir (o:ue)
duerma, duermas, ** , durmamos, duerman

7. Present Subjunctive with verbs of will and influence
The following five verbs are irregular in the present subjunctive.
dar
dé, des, ** , demos, deis, den
estar
esté, estés, esté, estemos estéis, estén ir
vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayáis, vayan
saber
sepa, sepas, ** , sepamos, sepáis, sepan
ser
sea, seas, sea, seamos, seáis, sean
** = same as yo form

8. Present Subjunctive with verbs of will and influence
When the subject of the main clause of a sentence exerts influence or will on the subject of the subordinate clause, the verb in the subordinate clause must be in the subjunctive.
Main clause
Connector Subordinate clause
Yo quiero
que tu vayas al médico.

9. Verbs and expressions of will and influence
aconsejar to advise
exigir to demand
desear to desire
gustar to like
es importante it’s important
hacer to make
es necesario it’s necessary
insistir to insist (on)
es urgente it’s urgent
mandar to order

10. Present Subjunctive with verbs of will and influence
The infinitive—not the subjunctive—is used with verbs and expressions of will and influence if there is no change of subject in the sentence.
Example
Quiero ir a Bogotá en junio.
I want to go to Bogota in June.

11. Present Subjunctive with verbs of emotion
When the main clause of a sentence expresses an emotion like hope, fear, joy, pity, or surprise, the verb in the subordinate clause must be in the subjunctive if its subject is different from the subject in the main clause.
Main clause
Connector Subordinate clause
Espero
que te recuperes pronto.
I hope you recover quickly.

12. Present Subjunctive with verbs of emotion
When the main clause of a sentence expresses an emotion like hope, fear, joy, pity, or surprise, the verb in the subordinate clause must be in the subjunctive if its subject is different from the subject in the main clause.
Main clause
Connector Subordinate clause
Qué pena
que necesites una operation.
What a shame you need an operation.

13. Verbs of emotion alegrarse (de) to be happy (about)
es terrible it’s terrible
es bueno it’s good
es una lástima it’s a shame
es extraño it’s strange
es una pena it’s a pity
es malo it’s bad
esperar to hope; to wish
es ridiculo it’s ridiculous
gustar to like; to be pleasing

14. Present Subjunctive with verbs of emotion
The infinitive—not the subjunctive—is used with verbs and expressions of emotion if there is no change of subject in the sentence.
No me gusta llegar tarde.
I don’t like to be late.

15. Present Subjunctive with verbs of doubt or denial
When the main clause of a sentence implies doubt, uncertainty, or denial, the verb in the subordinate clause must be in the subjunctive if its subject is different from that of the main clause.
Ella no cree que él nos quiera engañar.
She doesn’t believe that he wants to deceive us.

16. Verbs of doubt or denial
dudar to doubt
negar to deny
es imposible it’s impossible
(no) es probable it’s (not) probable
es improbable it’s improbable; unlikely
no es evidente it’s not evident
es un poco seguro it’s uncertain
no creer not to believe
(no) es posible it’s (not) possible
no es seguro it’s not certain

17. Present Subjunctive with verbs of doubt or denial
The infinitive—not the subjunctive—is used with verbs and expressions of doubt or denial if there is no change in the subject of the sentence.
Es imposible viajar hoy.
It’s impossible to travel today.
El fin