1. Present Subjunctive

2. Indicative vs. Subjunctive
Up to this point you have worked with sentences that are in the indicative tense (present, preterite, etc) and they do what the name implies: they “indicate” or “report” something.
I know that you speak Spanish.
The speaker is certain of something (that you speak Spanish) and is “reporting” it.

3. Indicative vs. Subjunctive
In every subjunctive sentence, there is always an aspect of something that is not known (uncertainty) I hope that you speak Spanish The second clause of the sentence is in the subjunctive because the speaker does not KNOW that you speak Spanish and is not “reporting” that you do.

4. What is “subjunctive”?
The present subjunctive is a “mood” in Spanish. The subjunctive conjugation of a verb is usually used in the second part of a sentence.

5. When is the subjunctive used?
W wishes, desires, imperatives
E emotions
I impersonal expressions
R recommendations
D doubt, denial, disbelief
O obligation/ojalá
S speculation

6. How to form the subjunctive..
“yo” form in present tense
Drop the “o”
Add the opposite endings
-AR: -e -emos
-es -éis
-e -en
-ER / -IR: -a -amos
-as -áis
-a -an

7. Forming the Subjunctive
Subjunctive Verb Endings
-ar Verbs
-e -emos
-es -éis
-e -en
-er Verbs
-a -amos
-as -áis
-a -an
-ir Verbs
-a -amos
-as -áis
-a -an

8. Forming the Subjunctive
Examples of Regular Verbs
caminar
camine caminemos
camines caminéis
camine caminen
compartir
comparta compartamos
compartas compartáis
comparta compartan
comprender
comprenda comprendamos
comprendas comprendáis
comprenda comparendan

9. Setup/Key Words querer (ie) = to want sugerir (ie) = to suggest
These words, used in the first clause of a sentence, set up the use of the subjunctive in the second clause. What is said after these words may or may not happen, so the conjugation of the second verb CANNOT be in the present tense.
querer (ie) = to want
sugerir (ie) = to suggest
recomendar (ie) = to recommend
insistir en = to insist
esperar = to hope
ojalá que = hopefully / it’s hopeful

10. Subjunctive in Context
To form the subjunctive there are three
things that must be in the sentence.
One of the “setup words”… sugerir, querer, etc..
2. The word “que”
3. Subjunctive verb and a subject change

11. Subjunctive in Context
Sugiero que tú estudies más.
Setup word:
I suggest
tú:
subject change
que:
that
“estudies” = you study
This is the subjunctive conjugation. You may or may not do it, even though I suggest you do it.

12. Subjunctive in Context
Recomiendo que tú hagas la tarea.
Setup word:
I recommend
tú:
subject change
que:
that
“hagas” = you do
This is the subjunctive conjugation. You may or may not do it, even though I recommend that you do it.

13. Subjunctive in Context
Ella quiere que yo viva en España.
Setup word:
she wants
yo:
subject change
que:
that
“viva” = I live (subjunctive)
I may or may not do it, even though she wants me to. Note: In English this would be, “She wants me to live in Spain. In Spanish the infinitive is not used, even though it sounds like it should be.

14. Ejemplos Ojalá que entiendas bien esta lección.
(Hopefully you understand this lesson.)
Insistimos en que ella llegue a tiempo.
(We insist that she arrives on time.)
Mi madre quiere que pongamos la mesa.
(My want wants us to set the table.)
¿Sugieres que yo hable con ellos?
(Do you suggest that I speak to them?)
¿Esperas que los Giants ganen el Super Bowl?
(Do you hope that the Giants win the Super Bowl?)