1. Present Subjunctive
Unidad 4

2. Conjugating Present Subjunctive- Regular Verbs
Conjugate verb in the yo present tense pongo hablo
Chop off the –o. pong- habl-
Add opposite endings.
-ar -er/-ir
-e -emos -a -amos
-es -éis -as -áis
-e -en -a -an
no hablen no ponga

3. Conjugating Present Subjunctive- Irregular Verbs
Irregular Subjunctive Verbs
ir ser saber
vaya vayamos sea seamo sepa sepamos
vayas vayáis seas seáis sepas sepáis
vaya vayan sea sean sepa sepan
dar estar haber
Dé demos esté estémos haya hayamos
des deis estés estéis hayas hayáis
Dé den estés estén haya hayan

4. Conjugating Present Subjunctive- Stem Changes
Stem changes in –ar and –er verbs is the same as present indicative.
pensar- to think
piense pensemos
pienses penséis
piense piensen

5. Conjugating Present Subjunctive- Stem Changes
Stem changes in –ir verbs is the same as present indicative, but also stem change in the nosotros and vosotros forms o u and e i.
dormir- to sleep
duerma durmamos
duermas durmáis
duerma duerman

6. Conjugating Present Subjunctive- Spelling Changes
Verbs that end in change to
–car que
–gar -gue
–zar -ce

7. Present Subjunctive- Volition
Subjunctive occurs most frequently when you have:
an independent clause + que + dependent clause
and
a subject change.

8. Present Subjunctive- Volition
If there is no subject change, use the infinitive.
¿Quieres visitar Madrid?
Sí, espero ir este año.

9. Trigger Words- Volition
aconsejar que advise
desear que desire
exigir que demand/require
insistir que insist
ojalá que I hope
preferir que prefer
recomendar que recommend

10. Trigger Words- Volition
suplicar que beg/plead
decir que tell
escribir que write
hacer que make
mandar que send
pedir que ask
prohibir que prohibit

11. Trigger Words- Volition
rogar que beg
dejar que let
esperar que hope
impedir que prevent
obligar a que oblige
permitir que permit/allow
querer que want
sugerir que suggest

12. Present Subjunctive- Volition
Decir and escribir require the subjunctive when used to express a command.
Ojalá is always followed by the subjunctive.
When used to express an indirect command, the verbs aconsejar, dejar, hacer, mandar, obligar, permitir, and prohibir can be followed by either an infinitive or que and the subjunctive.

13. Present Subjunctive Impersonal expressions that trigger subjunctive:
es mejor que It’s better that
es necesario que It’s necessary that
es imprescindible que It’s essential that
importa que It’s important that
es probable que It’s probable that

14. Present Subjunctive es imposible que It’s impossible that
conviene que It’s convenient/proper
es menester que It’s necessary that
es preciso que It’s necessary that
es importante que It’s important that
más vale que It’s better that
es posible que It’s possible that

15. Present Subjunctive es bueno que It’s good that
es malo que It’s bad that
es lástima que It’s a shame that
es raro que It’s rare that
es fácil que It’s easy that
es difícil que It’s difficult/ unlikely that

16. Present Subjunctive: Sequencing of Tenses
Main clause (indicative) Dependent clause (subjunctive)
present
present perfect present
future present perfect
command

17. Present Subjunctive: Sequencing of Tenses
The present subjunctive is used to express what is happening or will happen in constructions that require the subjunctive.
The present perfect subjunctive is used to express what has happened or will have happened in constructions that require the subjunctive.