2. This is fancy grammar talk for a sentence with at least 2 clauses ; The verb in the first (or main) clause determines whether or not the verb in the second (or dependent, subordinate etc.) clause is subjunctive. If the verb in the first clause fits into any of several categories such as doubt, emotion, will/wish/want/desire, judgment/opinion, negation and several more (just deal with it), then the verb in the second clause is subjunctive. (WEIRDO!) Ejemplo: I wanted you to learn. Yo quería que aprendieras. What is this?

3. If the verb in the second clause has the same subject ( yo, tú, ellos, Juan ) as the verb in the first clause, you don’t use que and you don’t conjugate the second verb. Ejemplo: Juan wanted to learn Juan quería aprender. But…………

4. “Ojalá vinieras a la fiesta.” “Yo quería que Marcos me llamara.” “Yo dudaba que salieras tan temprano.” “Era posible que no me gustaran.” Examples

5. Aprendiste = You learned Aprendieras = You learned Say what? Then how is it different? Answer: it just feels different to a native speaker. What does a subjunctive verb mean in English?

7. ¿Cómo lo formamos?

8. ¡ Importante ! La forma de nosotros = tiene acento! The accent is written on the last letter before the “R” Habláramos Comiéramos Viviéramos

9. ¡ Importante ! ¡¡Todos los verbos siguen estas reglas!! Todos los irregulares del pretérito son irregulares en el imperfecto del subjuntivo Ejemplo: Tener=Tuviera / Decir = Dijera

10. *As long as you know all the preterit verb forms, you’ll do great There are no irregulars in the past subjunctive!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!*

11. Leer Sentir Dormir Venir Tener Estar Ser Decir Conjugate and define these verbs in the past subjunctive, now, you!

12. THESE WORDS ALWAYS INTRODUCE THE SUBJUNCTIVE aconsejar que-to advise that alegrarse de que -to be happy that dejar que-to let/allow that desear que-to wish that dudar que-to doubt that (me) emociona que -(I’m) excited that (me) encanta que – (I) love that (me) enfada que - (I’m) angry that (me) enoja que – (I’m) angry that esperar que- to hope that estar orgulloso de que – to be proud that exigir que-to demand that (me) extraña que – It seems strange that (me) gusta que – (I) like that And if you’re the type of person that needs and can use this, here:

13. impedir (i) que-to impede insistir en que-to insist on (me) irrita que – (I’m) irritated that lamentar que- to lament that mandar que-to order that (me) molesta que – (I’m) bothered that necesitar que-to need negar que - to deny that ojalá que -hopefully oponerse a que-to oppose pedir (i) que-to ask that permitir que-to permit that preferir (ie) que-to prefer that prohibir que- to prohibit querer (ie) que-to want recomendar (ie) que -to recommend that rogar (ue) que-to beg that sentir (ie) que – to regret that (me) sorprende que – (I’m) surprised that sugerir (ie) que-to suggest that suplicar que-to beg that temer que – to fear that tener miedo de que – to be scared that Más

14. THESE IMPERSONAL EXPRESSIONS ALWAYS INTRODUCE THE SUBJUNCITVE es absurdo que - it’s absurd that es agradable que- it’s agreeable that es bueno que- it’s good that es dudoso que- it’s doubtful that es escandaloso que- it’s scandalous that es importante que- it’s important that es imposible que- it’s impossible that es improbable que- it’s improbable that es indispensable que- it’s indispensable that es inútil que- it’s useless that es justo que- it’s right / just that es malo que- it’s bad that es mejor que- it’s better that es necesario que- it’s necessary that es peor que- it’s worse that es posible que- it’s possible that es probable que- it’s probable that es raro que- it’s rare that es ridículo que- it’s ridiculous that es sorprendente que- it’s surprising that es triste que- it’s sad that es una lástima que- it’s a shame that es útil que- it’s useful that más vale que- it’s better that no es que- it’s not that no es cierto que- it’s not certain that no es evidente que- it’s not evident that no es obvio que- it’s not obvious that no es verdad que- it’s not true that ojalá que- hopefully Y más

15. THESE WORDS ALWAYS INTRODUCE THE INDICATIVE aprender que-to learn that comprender que-to understand that creer que-to believe that darse cuenta de que-to realize that entender que-to understand that estar cierto que -to be certain that estar seguro que-to be sure that oír que-to hear that opinar que-to think (opine) that parecer que-to seem that pensar que- to think that saber que-to know that ver que-to see that Not subjunctive

16. Conjugar en el imp. sub. Yo traer Tú decir Él haber Nosotros poner Ellas poder Ellos leer Tú dormir Ellas salir Tú valer Yo venir Ella dar Ellos ver Nosotros hacer Él morir

17. Conjugar en el imp. sub. Yo mentir Tú preferir Él insistir Nosotros jugar Ellas llegar Ellos buscar Tú leer Ellas creer Tú dormir Yo traer Ella saber Ellos construir Ella hacer Él sentir

18. Conjugar en el imp. sub. Yo hablar- Tú vivir- Él beber Nosotros comer Ellas escribir Ellos dibujar Tú tomar Ellas hacer Yo tener Tú saber Ella querer Ellos estar Yo ser Nosotros ir