Cold War 1945-1991
Cold War Beginnings Following WWII the US and USSR were the only two superpowers left Soon after WWII these two powers were in a Cold War (Icy Tensions) Why?- different economic systems, strategic interests, Stalin’s Speech, Iron Curtain Speech, Atomic Weapons
Pre Cold War distrust US USSR Communism antithesis of Democracy/Freedom/Capitalism Stalin’s Purges Non-Aggression Pact USSR emphasis on Worldwide communism USSR US attempted to undo Revolution Delayed attack on Western Front during WWII Believes peace will come from worldwide communism
Yalta Conference 1945 Big 3 – Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin Germany Split into 4 Occupied Zones Soviet vs. Western Allies (Tension for Four Decades) Agreement to create United Nations
Potsdam- 1945 Big 3 – Truman, Churchill (replaced by Attlee, Stalin Meeting more tense (Truman’s style, plus knowledge of da bomb) Presses Stalin for free elections in Eastern Europe Stalin later gives speech saying Capitalism and Communism cannot exist in same world
United States 1946 Churchill Warns of an “Iron Curtain” in Europe Stalin calls speech an act of war, beginning of the Cold War
Truman Doctrine- 1946 Turkey and Greece faced Communist revolutions Truman asks for and recieves 400 million to aid fight against communism Beginning of Containment Policy (not allow communism to spread) Becomes guiding US policy into 1970’s
Western Europe 1947 The Marshall Plan gives aid to European Nations Rebuilt Western Europe, threatened Communism
Berlin, Germany Stalin cuts off access to Berlin, US sends airplanes with supplies: Berlin Airlift Stalin backs off, Victory for West
Western Europe/ North America 1949 NATO- North Atlantic Treaty Organization USSR creates Warsaw Pact in 1955