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THE COLD WAR BEGINS Chapter 29, Section 1. The Problems of Peace Potsdam Conference (May 1945) – Germany split into 4 zones of occupation – Berlin (in.

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Presentation on theme: "THE COLD WAR BEGINS Chapter 29, Section 1. The Problems of Peace Potsdam Conference (May 1945) – Germany split into 4 zones of occupation – Berlin (in."— Presentation transcript:

1 THE COLD WAR BEGINS Chapter 29, Section 1

2 The Problems of Peace Potsdam Conference (May 1945) – Germany split into 4 zones of occupation – Berlin (in Soviet zone) split into 4 zones of occupation – Eliminate all traces of Nazism by trying Nazis for war crimes at the Nuremberg Trials – Reparations from Germany for war damage, most of which went to the Soviets

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4 The Problems of Peace Disagreed about what to do about E. Europe – Soviets wanted friendly, communist gov’ts to create a buffer zone against another attack – US and UK wanted free elections Stalin promised to allow free elections Soviet armies occupied E. Europe meaning Stalin could do what he wanted there despite his promise

5 The Conflict Worsens Cold War: era of tension and hostility between the Western democracies and the Eastern communists Stalin reneged on his promise of free elections Stalin refused to withdraw Soviet troops from independent foreign countries Both sides believed war was coming soon – Churchill described this sharp division of Europe as the “Iron Curtain”

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7 The Conflict Worsens The Allies respond with the Truman Doctrine – Pledge to provide economic and military aid to oppose the spread of communism 1 st example of its use was the Marshall Plan – Provided $13 billion to help rebuild Europe – Created political stability for countries in danger of falling to communism – Mainly helped England and France, but helped many countries in Europe – Offered to include communist countries in E. Europe knowing Stalin would make them refuse

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9 Cold War Confrontations Truman Plan followed the Policy of Containment – Resisting Soviet aggression in order to contain the spread of communism but not attacking it Berlin: – Allied part of Berlin was an island of democracy in a sea of communism (it threatened Stalin) – Stalin cut off all supply routes to starve the city into surrender. Berlin Blockade – Allies answered with the Berlin Airlift, flying in supplies on planes landing every 30 seconds

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11 Cold War Confrontations To create a unified resistance against communism, Western Europe, the US, and Canada formed NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) The Soviets formed a communist equivalent called the Warsaw Pact

12 PLUS US & CANADA

13 Cold War Confrontations Korea: – Japan lost Korea to the Allies after WWII – Soviets and Americans split the peninsula at 38⁰ N – Soviets create a communist gov’t in north, US creates an anti-communist gov’t in south – North attacks South to unify the the country under communism

14 Cold War Confrontations Korea (continued): – US gets UN to send an army to defend the South (most soldiers are American) – South almost completely conquered except for city of Pusan until the US invades at Inchon – US pushed all the way to the Chinese border before the Chinese join pushing back the US – After 3 years of stalemate near the old border both sides sign an armistice (agreement to stop fighting; neither side has ever signed a peace treaty)

15 Sept. 1950 Nov. 1950-1953 Progress of the Korean War Oct. 1950


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