1. The Cold War
Chapter 26 Sections 1 and 2

2. 1945 – A Critical Year Yalta The United Nations (UN) Truman - 1945
The “Big Three”
Churchill, Stalin, and Roosevelt
Poland
The United Nations (UN)
April 1945, San Francisco
General Assembly
Security Council
Truman
The Potsdam Conference
Truman and Stalin’s first meeting
Secret weapon mentioned

3. Conflicting Postwar Goals
The American View
Establish democracy to open up economic opportunity
The Soviet View
Satellite nations – spread communism

4. Soviets Tighten Their Hold
Poland
Allow elections after anti-Communist competition was gone
Albania and Bulgaria
Communist militaries control
Czechoslovakia
Tried to hold off Communism, fell from pressure of neighbors
Hungary and Romania
Soviet Army puts in Communist governments
East Germany
Totalitarian government put in by Stalin
German Democratic Republic
Finland and Yugoslavia
Finland – forced neutrality
Yugoslavia – Communist government, but not controlled by Soviet Union

5. The Iron Curtain The Iron Curtain Containment The Truman Doctrine
Winston Churchill warns against allowing the iron curtain (Communism) from spreading
Stalin declares victory over capitalism
Cominform – Soviet agency
Containment
George Kennan, pg. 745
Prevent advances of Communist nations around the world
The Truman Doctrine
Support any nation threatened by Communism
Turkey and Greece – first test of containment; provided aid

7. Cold War Abroad The Marshall Plan The Berlin Airlift
Create democracies and improve economies
$13 billion in loans and grants to Western Europe
The Berlin Airlift
Federal Republic of Germany – 3 western zones merged
E. Germany – Germ. Dem. Rep
Stalin closes access to West Berlin – people were escaping
U.S. sends supplies through Berlin Airlift
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)- Collective Security
Warsaw Pact

8. Communist Advances The Soviet Atomic Threat
1949 – Soviet Union tests first atomic bomb
1952 – U.S. tests first thermonuclear (hydrogen) bomb
China Falls to the Communists
Civil War – Jiang Jieshi vs. Mao Zedong
Had cooperated during war against Japan
People’s Republic of China (Communist)
Republic of China (Taiwan)

9. The Cold War at Home Communism in America The Loyalty Program
Background checks
Loyalty Review Board
HUAC (House Un-American Committee)
Gov’t agencies and Hollywood
The Hollywood Ten
5th Amendment
Blacklist – wouldn’t hire
The McCarran-Walter Act
Quota on immigrants from Communist nations
Spy Cases
Alger Hiss
Ethel and Julius Rosenberg