1. World War II: Consequences
Mr. Pena’s AP World History

2. Growth of Total War
Total war describes a war in which nations use all of their resources to destroy another nation's ability to engage in war.
Conscription
Military-industrial complex to include women workers
Unconditional surrender
Civilian targets to include the Holocaust
Rationing, price controls, and other impacts on the homefront
More destructive weapons to include the atomic bomb

3. Tehran Conference 1943 Big Three (Stalin, FDR, Churchill)
Stalin wants USA, UK to open a second front on Nazis’ western borders

4. End of the War April 30, 1945: Hitler’s suicide Germany surrenders:
May 7, 1945: surrender to the ALLIES
May 9, 1945: surrender to the SOVIETS
August 6, 1945: atomic bomb (Hiroshima)
August 8, 1945: Soviets declare war on Japan
August 9, 1945: atomic bomb (Nagasaki)
August 14, 1945: Japan agrees to surrender unconditionally

5. Pre Cold War distrust US USSR
Communism antithesis of Democracy/Freedom/Capitalism
Stalin’s Purges
Non-Aggression Pact
USSR emphasis on Worldwide communism
USSR
US attempted to undo Revolution
Delayed attack on Western Front during WWII
Believes peace will come from worldwide communism

6. Yalta Conference 1945 Big 3 – Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin
Germany Split into 4 Occupied Zones
Soviet vs. Western Allies (Tension for Four Decades)
Agreement to create United Nations

7. Potsdam- 1945 Big 3 – Truman, Churchill, Stalin
Meeting more tense (Truman’s style, plus knowledge of the bomb)
Presses Stalin for free elections in Eastern Europe
Stalin later gives speech saying Capitalism and Communism cannot exist in same world

8. Post-war Impact of Atomic Bomb
Changed the very nature of war
Presented the possibility of annihilation of humankind
US came to place great strategic reliance on atomic bomb
War plans emphasized sudden atomic attack against USSR to allow time for conventional mobilization
15 megaton thermonuclear device test on Bikini Atoll in 1954

9. Post-war Impact of Atomic Bomb
US held an atomic monopoly until 1949
Huge US-USSR arms race followed
Eventually led to Mutually Assured Destruction (1967)
Massive retaliation strategy (1954) meant US was prepared to respond to Soviet aggression with a massive nuclear strike

10. Post-war Impact of Atomic Bomb
Nuclear weapons prove to not be a reasonable option in limited wars
The US considered, but did not use, atomic bombs in support of the French at Dien Bien Phu in 1954

11. Expanded Roles for Women
The emergencies of war greatly expanded the roles of women
Some served in the military
Others replaced men on factory assembly lines
Women whose husbands went overseas acted as heads of households

12. Founding of United Nations, 1946
Successor to League of Nations
Now stronger and with more nations!
Security Council is the top level, General Assembly is everyone
Permanent Members of the Security Council: China (ROC, then PRC), France, Russia (USSR), UK, USA
Permanent members can VETO (stop by voting against) proposals

13. Cold War Beginnings
Following WWII the US and USSR were the only two superpowers left
Soon after WWII these two powers were in a Cold War (Icy Tensions)
Why?- different economic systems, strategic interests, Stalin’s Speech, Iron Curtain Speech, Atomic Weapons

14. What was “containment?”

15. Containment Chart Event Year Description
How was this a part of containment policy?
Truman Doctrine
Marshall Plan
Berlin Airlift
NATO
Brinkmanship

16. United States 1946 Churchill Warns of an “Iron Curtain” in Europe
Stalin calls speech an act of war, beginning of the Cold War

17. Truman Doctrine- 1946 Turkey and Greece faced Communist revolutions
Truman asks for and receives 400 million to aid fight against communism
Beginning of Containment Policy (not allow communism to spread)
Becomes guiding US policy into 1970’s

18. Western Europe 1947
The Marshall Plan gives U.S. aid to European Nations
Aid was given in return for nations of Western Europe buying U.S. companies’ products
Rebuilt Western Europe, threatened Communism

19. Berlin, Germany 1948
Stalin cuts off access to Berlin, US sends airplanes with supplies
Stalin backs off, Victory for West

20. Western Europe/ North America 1949
NATO- North Atlantic Treaty Organization
USSR creates Warsaw Pact in 1955

21. Eisenhower 1954
Eisenhower / Dulles policy of Massive Retaliation (Brinkmanship)
Allows for DISPROPORTIONATE responses involving nuclear weapons to respond to conventional attacks by the USSR or its allies
Would eventually lead to MAD (Mutually Assured Destruction)
Attempt to keep Soviets from starting small conflicts
‘Murica!

22. USSR/China- 1949 USSR develops A-Bomb
Arms race develops between US and USSR
China falls to the Communists