The Industrial Revolution The Beginnings of Industrialization

The Industrial Revolution Begins The Agricultural Revolution Enclosures Tennant farmers Crop Rotation New method Livestock breeding

Where? The Industrial Revolution Begins In England Why?__Britain’s Advantages Water & Coal Power Iron ore Rivers Harbors Economics Strength & Political Stability Banking system Business friendly laws Factors of production Land, Labor, and Capital

Inventions Spur Technological Advances Textiles- (clothing) factories James Watt-Steam engine steamboat Railroads England’s the Rocket 29 miles per hour!

Textiles- Spinning jenny, power loom

Industrial Development in the U.S.A. Industrialization in the United States New England Factories Water Power Shorter growing season than southern states Textiles Francis Cabot Lowell Young Unmarried Women –dorm living-read and write Strike for equal wages Replaced by the Irish

First Nation to provide Public Education to the Masses! Later Expansion of U.S. Industry Many natural resources Inventions Population Railroads First Nation to provide Public Education to the Masses!

Children Sort Coal

The Factory: 9 p.m. in an Indiana Glass Works.

Return to The History Place - Child Labor Photographs of Lewis Hine

Seafood Workers: Oyster shuckers working in a canning factory Seafood Workers: Oyster shuckers working in a canning factory. All but the very smallest babies work. Began work at 3:30 a.m. and expected to work until 5 p.m. The little girl in the center was working. Dunbar, Louisiana.

Seafood Workers: Manuel the young shrimp picker, age 5, and a mountain of child labor oyster shells behind him. He worked last year. Understands not a word of English. Biloxi, Mississippi.

Field and Farm Work: Six-year-old Warren Frakes Field and Farm Work: Six-year-old Warren Frakes. Mother said he picked 41 pounds yesterday "An I don't make him pick; he picked some last year." Has about 20 pounds in his bag. Oklahoma.

Camille Carmo, age 7, and Justine, age 9 Camille Carmo, age 7, and Justine, age 9. The older girl picks about 4 pails a day. Rochester, Mass.

Struggling Families: A Jewish family and neighbors working until late at night sewing garters. This happens several nights a week when there is plenty of work. The youngest work until 9 p.m. The others until 11 p.m. or later. On the left is Mary, age 7, and 10-year-old Sam, and next to the mother is a 12-year-old boy. On the right are Sarah, age 7, next is her 11 year old sister, 13-year-old brother. Father is out of work and also helps make garters. New York City.

Group Portraits: Some of the workers in the Farrand Packing Co Group Portraits: Some of the workers in the Farrand Packing Co. Baltimore, Maryland

Group Portraits: Fish cutters at a canning company in Maine Group Portraits: Fish cutters at a canning company in Maine. Ages range from 7 to 12. The 7-year-old boy in front, has a badly cut finger but helps his brother regularly. Behind him is his brother George, age 11, who cut his finger half off while working. Ralph, on the left, displays his knife and also a badly cut finger. They and many youngsters said they were always cutting themselves. George earns a dollar some days usually 75 cents. Some of the others say they earn a dollar when they work all day. At times they start at 7 a.m. and work all day until midnight.

Worldwide Impact of Industrialization Rise of Global Inequality Europe & North America Industrialize Imperialism Strong countries take advantage of weaker countries Transformation of Society Wealthy Merchants and Factory owners replace Nobles Creation of the Middle Class Religion First Public Education: The Methodist‘s Sunday School “Protestant Work Ethic”----“God wants me to be rich”

Unionization & Legislative Reform The Union Movement Collective bargaining Strike Skilled v. Unskilled Labor Reform Laws Child Labor Laws Maximum Working Hour Laws

The New Economic systems Capitalism Adam Smith The Wealth of Nations Private property (a person can buy property) Communism Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels The Communist Manifesto All people own the factors of production No private property (All property owned by government)