1. Agenda: The Industrial Revolution—Pros, Cons and Reforms
Unit 4 Essential Questions:
1. Why England?
2. Weighing the pros and cons, is the Industrial Revolution a net positive for humanity or a net negative?

2. Problems from the Industrial Revolution = movements for change.
What were the main problems?

3. Furman Owens, 12 years old. Can't read. Doesn't know his A,B,C's
Furman Owens, 12 years old. Can't read. Doesn't know his A,B,C's. Said, "Yes I want to learn but can't when I work all the time." Been in the mills 4 years. Columbia, S.C.
SOURCE: “Child Labor in America Photographs of Lewis W. Hine.”

4. The overseer said apologetically, "She just happened in
The overseer said apologetically, "She just happened in." She was working steadily. The mills seem full of youngsters who "just happened in" or "are helping sister." Newberry, S.C.

5. A small newsie downtown on a Saturday afternoon. St. Louis, Mo.

6. A young driver in the Brown mine. Has been driving one year. Works 7 a
A young driver in the Brown mine. Has been driving one year. Works 7 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. daily. Brown W. Va.

7. Young cigar makers in Engelhardt & Co. Three boys looked under 14
Young cigar makers in Engelhardt & Co. Three boys looked under 14. Labor leaders told me in busy times many small boys and girls were employed. Youngsters all smoke. Tampa, FL.

8. Manuel the young shrimp picker, age 5, and a mountain of child labor oyster shells behind him. He started working last year. Understands not a word of English. Biloxi, Miss.

9. Camille Carmo, age 7, and Justine, age 9
Camille Carmo, age 7, and Justine, age 9. The older girl picks about 4 pails a day. Rochester, Mass.

10. A row of tenement houses on an unpaved street, Johnstown, PA
A row of tenement houses on an unpaved street, Johnstown, PA., circa 1910.
Crowded into housing without indoor plumbing, immigrant iron and steelworker families were often feared and kept at arms length by native-born Pennsylvanians.

11. This kind of says it all, huh?

12. St. Petersburg, Russia 25,000 abandoned kids
Paris, France 33% of all babies abandoned

13. What to do with all the kids…..

14. Factory Act 1833
Children younger than nine no longer allowed to work + no more night work.
Work day of minors limited to 12 hours.

15. Child labor today: Check your labels!

16. Public Schools = Increase in Literacy

17. Vaccinations
A major accomplishment of the Industrial Revolution. Vaccines saved many lives that would have been lost to the diseases caused by poor sanitation and overcrowded conditions of cities.

18. Unions Unions were forbidden at first.
After a long, violent struggle, unions won the right to collective bargaining and striking.
You’re going to learn a lot more about unions in 11th grade US history. Collective bargaining means that instead of one employee negotiating with an employer about salary or benefits, all the employees negotiate together through their union representatives.

19. PARTNER/SHARE What are the pros and cons of unions?
Do you know anybody or have you heard of anybody connected to you or your family who is in a union?
After the discussion, students are encouraged to ask online questions or write online comments about these questions. Keep it classy though…

20. Long Term Problems

21. Water Pollution The Thames caught on fire!
The “Great Stink” on the Thames River led to construction of the London sewage system.

22. Discuss with a partner, then one of you write on the board
Weighing the pros and cons, is the Industrial Revolution a net positive for humanity or a net negative?
Yes, and this is why I think so (left board). OR
No, and this is why I think so (right board).
After the discussion, students are encouraged to ask online questions or write online comments about these questions. Keep it classy though…