1. Industrial Revolution
Definition: greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in England in the 18th century.
Textile: A cloth, especially one manufactured by weaving or knitting; a fabric.
England had small farms. Bought up
by large landowners.

2. Beginnings
Large enclosures forced new technology - did what to peasants?
Jethro Tull and Seed Drill
Crop Rotation / Breeding led to more available food/resources. Leads to…?

3. Britain Advantages of Britain Military stability on home land
Large population (pop. Increase)
Nat. Resources=coal, iron, H2O, rivers, harbors
Military stability on home land
Factors of Production
Land, Labor, Capital

7. Economics Enterprise Capital -business -money -shipping -investments
-mining
-railroads
-factories
Capital
-money
-investments
Who or what are entrepreneurs?

8. Questions
In what ways did geographical features assist industrial progress in England?
In what ways did humans change their environment for industrial progress?
Which natural characteristics were most important for the industrial revolution?

10. Factors of Production
Land
Labor
Capital
Britain takes the lead

11. Revolution in the textile industry
Shift from the cottage industry to the factory system (power source?)
1).Harvest and clean the fiber or wool
2). Card it and spin it into threads
3). Weave the threads into cloth
4). Sew the cloth into clothes
New machinery led to England taking the lead.

12. Critical Inventions 1733 John Kay: The flying shuttle (weaving)
What was a concern with the flying shuttle?
1760’s James Hargreaves: The spinning jenny (improved spinning wheel)
1793 Eli Whitney: The cotton gin

13. What do you think is driving new innovations?

14. Other Imp. Inventions
James Watt’s improved steam engine led to canals, shipping, etc. Who originally designed the steam engine? For what purpose?
New road systems -turnpikes
George Stephenson - locomotive. Led to Manchester-Liverpool (16 mph, fast). Railroads expanded quickly.
Why are railroads important?

15. Replica of "The Rocket"

19. Impact on society… Population boom:
(1750) European pop: 140 million
(1850) European pop: 266 million
Urbanization…growth of cities {movement of people to cities}
(1800) London: 1 million
(1850) London:2.5 million

20. Impact on society… Focus on industrial capitalism
Late 1800s: nobles became the rich upper class
Middle class grew
Lower class: workers and peasants

21. Living Government non-interaction Garbage, police, crowding.
Life span, medical problems.
Women and child labor eventually curbed.

22. Factories Avg. work day: 14 hours. Avg. work week: 6 days, if not 7.
Benefits?
Child/Women Labor
Cotton factories
Coal mining

25. Liberal Movements in Response
Labor laws to help workers
Formation of Unions
New ideas/movements/isms
Socialism, Communism

26. Reform (Enlightenment Ideas)
Factory Act 1833: limited child labor
Illegal under 9, limited hours for others
Mines Act 1842: limited women/children in mines
Ten Hours Act 1847: take a guess
Schooling

27. Union and Reform Movements
Union: The act of uniting or the state of being united.
Collective Bargaining (negotiations) leads to
strikes. Ineffective until skilled workers unite with unskilled
Combination Acts (1799, 1800)
Repealed in 1825

28. Luddites Textile workers
Why would they resist the mechanization of the textile industry?
Smashed machines, burned factories
Widely supported

29. United… in the Industrial Revolution
Causes:
Demand for more goods
Need to meet the demand
New developments in machinery
New developments in industry
Mass production
New Factories
New Jobs
Urban development
Industrial Revolution

31. Response of the working class
Socialism, utopian communities 
1848 Marx and Engels published “The Communist Manifesto”
The poor or “proletariat” will control M.O.P.
Social classes melt away  stateless society
“Workers of the world unite”
Predicted England would be first (most ind.) happened in Russia ironically
“Revolution not reform”

32. Marxian socialism
1848 Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels published “The Communist Manifesto”
The poor or “proletariat” will control M.O.P.
Social classes melt away  stateless society
“Workers of the world unite”
Predicted England would be first (most ind.) happened in Russia ironically
“Revolution not reform”