Warm Up – May 2 Grab the handouts and answer the following questions on a post it: How did the goals of the US and USSR differ at the outset of the Cold War? Why did the Soviet Union want to take control of satellite nations? What was the strategy of the United States during the Cold War? How does the idea of self-determination fit in with this strategy?

Cold War Competitions Reading Answer the following questions in your notes:

Truman Doctrine US and Britain need to prevent communism in Greece and Turkey, but Britain broke  US takes charge March 1947, Truman and Congress allocated $400M in economic and military aid to Turkey and Greece “It must be the policy of the US to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside aggressors.”  Truman Doctrine – policy of providing aid to free nations threatened by internal/external opponents

Marshall Plan European countries in postwar devastation and may look to Stalin for help… 1947, Sec. of State George Marshall  Marshall Plan US provides aid to all European countries that need it “not against any country or doctrine, but against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos.” – Marshall Revived Europe, by 1952… 16 countries received $13B in aid Western Europe flourishing, preventing spread of Communism

Conflict Over Germany 1948 – 4 sections combined into 2 West Germany (and West Berlin) – US, Britain, France East Germany (and East Berlin) – USSR Stalin closed rail access to West Berlin  no food or fuel, enough to last 5 weeks Berlin Airlift – 327 day operation in which US and British planes flew food and supplies to West Berlin after the Soviet blockade in 1948-49 277,000 flights 2.3 million tons of supplies

NATO Alliance vs. Warsaw Pact 1949 West Germany Federal Republic of Germany (included West Berlin) East Germany  German Democratic Republic, USSR controlled (included East Berlin) April 4, 1949 – North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) formed Belgium, Denmark, France, Britain, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, US, and Canada (later Greece, Turkey, and West Germany) Democratic countries pledged military support to each other in the event of an attack First time in history the US entered a military alliance during peacetime  No more US isolationism! 1955 – Warsaw Pact – military alliance between USSR and 7 eastern European nations

Korean War (1950-1953) After WWII, Korea was divided at the 38th parallel Northern half = to be temporarily occupied by the Soviet Union Southern half = to be temporarily occupied by the U.S. By 1948 = 2 separate governments had emerged North Korea = Communist South Korea = Democratic By mid-1949 = both the United States and the Soviet Union had withdrawn all of their troops from North and South Korea

Korean War (1950-1953) June 1950 = North Korea invaded South Korea  wanted to unify the country under a communist government United Nations meets in response Voted to condemn the invasion Agreed to organize an army to oppose it 16 countries contributed troops to UN army  but 90% of those troops came from the U.S. Leader of the UN army = Douglas MacArthur

Korean War (1950-1953) Brief game of back-and-forth followed by a long stalemate First few months of war = North Koreans swept southward and conquered almost all of South Korea September 1950 = UN forces launched a counterattack, pushed the North Koreans out of South Korea, and advanced until they had conquered almost all of North Korea Communist China came to the aid of North Korea  Chinese forces and North Koreans able to push UN forces back to a line near the 38th parallel

Korean War (1950-1953) July 1951 – July 1953 = stalemate along this line near the 38th parallel July 1953 = truce was signed  both sides agreed to divide Korea (once again) along the 38th parallel 5 million deaths and mass devastation of much of Korea  for what?

“The Forgotten War”

TOD – May 2 Answer the following questions on the same post it as the warm up: 1. How does the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan illustrate the US strategy of containment during the Cold War? 2. Why did the US become involved in the Korean War? Do you think they were justified in entering the conflict? 3. In what ways did the US and USSR compete during the Cold War?