Vikings “GOD DELIVER US FROM THE FURY OF THE NORTHMEN”

William the Conqueror Normans decedents of Vikings A.K.A. William, duke of Normandy Fought the Battle of Hastings (1066) King Harold Godwinson shot in the eye by arrow

William Wins all of England! William declares all of England Keeps 1/5 of England for himself Lords who supported King Harold lost lands Granted lands to Norman lords Laid the foundation for centralized government

England’s Goals Two Goals Hold and add to their French lands Strengthen power over the nobles and the Church

King Henry II Ruled England 1154-1189 Strengthened Royal courts (cannon law vs. royal law) Introduced jury to English courts Jury- group of loyal people usually 12 neighbors of the accused who answer a royal judge’s questions Popular means to settle disputes

Eleanor Of Aquitaine 1122-1204 Married King Henry II Increased England’s land holding in France (Aquitaine) Mother of Richard the Lion heart

Royal Judges Sent at least once a year to every part of England Collected taxes, settled lawsuits and punished crimes. Formed a unified body of law known as common law. Principles from this law are the basis for law in many English speaking countries. We live in a common law state.

John Softsword Lost Normandy and all lands in northern France Cruel to subjects always trying to squeeze money out of them. Raised taxes Alienated the Church Nobles revolt!!!!!!

Magna Carta Nobles revolted June 15, 1215 forcing the creation of the Magna Carta Drawn up by nobles and forced the King to approve it. Granted certain basic political rights. Safeguard noble rights (feudal rights) and limit king’s powers All classes argued these safe guards were for everyone’s rights

Magna Carta Rights NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPERSENTATION (you will see this little phrase again) A jury trial Protection of the law Guaranteed what are now considered basic legal rights in both England and the USA

France’s King Philip II vs. England’s King John King Philip could not gain land back while King Henry II or his son King Richard ruled but….. When John Softsword took over. He seized Normandy. Much like Henry’s Royal judges he had bailiffs to preside over the king’s courts and collect the taxes

Parliament/ Estates-General Legislative group Consisted of two burgesses (citizens of wealth) and two knights to represent every borough. Eventually became an individual force that limited the kings power. Estates-General Legislative group Church leaders represented in the first Estates Great lords represented in second Estates Wealthy landholders or merchants represented in third Estate Did not eventually limit kings power.

Democracy is born ENGLAND William the Conqueror invades England in 1066 John agrees to the Magna Carta 1251 Model Parliament created in 1295 Template for important documents like the Bill of Rights.