The Crusades

Vocabulary Crusades- A series of “Holy Wars” that were undertaken to recapture the Holy Land.

How did it begin? How long did it last? Began in 1093 when the Byzantine Emperor wrote a letter read by Pope Urban II The Pope then called for a “Holy War” against the Muslim Turks How long did it last? Over 200 Years

Who fought the Crusades? Knights Younger sons who would not inherit property What were Crusaders promised? If they died on the Crusade they were assured a place in heaven What was their attire? Tunics with red crosses on their chest

First Crusade Goal: To take back the Holy Land and Jerusalem 1096-1099 Result: Captured Jerusalem on July 15 1099 and a 650 mile stretch of land from Edessa (north) to Jerusalem (south)

Second Crusade Goal: Retake Edessa 1145-1187 Edessa was recaptured by the Muslim Turks in 1144 Result: Crusaders were defeated and shocked to find that Jerusalem had fallen to the Muslim leader Saladin

Third Crusade Goal: Recapture Jerusalem 1189-1192 Leader of Crusaders: King Richard The Lion Hearted of England Result: King Richard was unable to recapture Jerusalem but he and Saladin agree to a truce Muslims keep Jerusalem but Christians are free to visit the cities holy places

Fourth Crusade Goal: Retake Jerusalem 1202-1204 Result: Knights did not reach Holy Land and looted Constantinople instead

Spanish Crusade 1100-1492 Reconquista Effort to drive Muslims out of Spain The leaders of Spain (Ferdinand and Isabella) instituted a tribunal held by the Church called The Inquisition to eliminate Heresy Jewish and Muslim converts were questioned & tortured to see if they held beliefs different from that of the Church

Causes of the Crusades Effect of the Crusades Muslims controlled Holy Land and Christians wanted it Pope’s power declined because of failure Muslims Threaten Constantinople Byzantine Emperor weakened because of looting of Constantinople Byzantine Emperor looks to Pope for help…Pope starts first Crusade Weakened feudal lords/nobility Knights come to Pope’s aid (also saw opportunity to make $ and have adventure Kings become stronger Commercial Power- wanted to win control of key trade routes Trade expanded between Europe & Middle East- Cities grow and become rich Technology/knowledge brought back from Crusades Muslims distrust Christians because of Crusaders

Closing Are there any similarities between the Crusades and Islamic Jihad??