1. Holy war: crusades
A series of military expeditions carried out by European Christians against the Muslims from the eleventh to the thirteenth centuries

3. The Crusades | Causes
Muslim Seljuk Turks were closing in on the Byzantine Empire.
the Eastern Orthodox Christians (Byzantine Empire) asked for help from the Roman Catholic Church (the Pope) around 1093

4. The Crusades | Causes
Pope Urban II agreed to help the Byzantine Emperor by issuing a call for a “holy war.”
Pope wanted to provide leadership for a great cause
urged Christians to liberate (free) Jerusalem and the Holy Land (Palestine) from the Muslims

5. The Crusades | Goals VS Reclaim the Holy Land for the Christians
Give troublesome knights something productive to do
Opportunity for land, wealth, and a new position in society
New trade routes VS

6. The Wars
First Crusade

7. Gallery Walk
Rotate around the room to find the causes, results, and relevant pictures of FIVE of the crusades.

8. First Crusade (1096 – 1099)
Cause: expansion of Ottoman’s (Islamic Empire), Pope Urban II call to all Christians, answered by three armies of knights that gathered at Constantinople
Result: Crusaders (Knights) will capture a strip of land extending from Edessa in the north to Jerusalem in the south in 1099 and established 4 feudal crusader states ruled by European nobles

9. Second Crusade –
Cause: Muslims counterattack in wins back Edessa. The loss of Edessa spurred a new battle to win it back from Muslim control.
Result: Saladin, Kurdish warrior and Muslim leader will fight off Crusader force and recapture Jerusalem by 1187

10. Third Crusade – 1187 - 1192 Results: Causes:
Phillip goes home after argument over leadership with Richard
Frederick drowned
Richard led attempt against Saladin
truce signed after many battles
Jerusalem would stay under Muslim rule
granted Western pilgrims access to Christian holy places
Causes:
Christians (Crusaders) lost Jerusalem
Church extend leadership to European Monarchs for help -- Phillip II of France, Frederick I of Prussia and Richard the Lion Heart of England

11. Fourth Crusade –
Causes: Pope not content with 3rd Crusade and still intended to retake Jerusalem
Results: a complete failure; Crusaders never made it to fight, knights looted Constantinople instead

12. The Children's Crusade
In 1212, Young children and teenagers from across Europe decided to march to the Holy Land and recapture it.
They were little prepared for the trip.
When they reached the coast. They were more of a hungry mob.
Pope sent most home
Others were tricked into boat that sold them into slavery.

13. Impact of the Crusades Europe: Islamic World:
advancements for women, while men were off fighting
Expanded trade for Europe
a gradual shift to the Atlantic, and Spain and Portugal seeking new trade routes and opening the world up to additional exploration
Weakened the power of the Church
Strengthened the power of Kings in Europe
Islamic World:
slowed the advance of Islam
prevented the formation of a unified Islamic power
Byzantine Empire fell to the Turks
Commercial trading shifted from Muslims to Italians in the Mediterranean