1. The Crusades
Aim: What was the goal of the crusades? Did the Crusaders achieve their goal?

2. Crusades
The Crusades were a series of battles between Christians and Muslims in the Middle East.
Christian knights wanted to take the Holy Land and give it back to Christians.

4. The Holy Grail (cup that held some of Christ’s blood from cross)
Motivation:
Wealth & Land
Loved to fight
Adventure
Free Ticket to Heaven
The Crusaders were also looking for the relics (holy artifacts) of Christianity.
Can you name any?
The Holy Grail (cup that held some of Christ’s blood from cross)
Spear of Destiny (spear which Roman Soldier poked Christ on cross)
Ark of the Covenant (held the 10 Commandments)
Christ Burial Shroud (cloth that covered Christ in tomb)
Cross (Christ’s) Pieces scattered all throughout the world
and many others

5. The Shroud of Turin

6. Prior to Crusades
Jerusalem itself was a multicultural city. Jews, Muslims and Christians all lived together harmoniously.
Christians on pilgrimages to Jerusalem were freely allowed across to the Holy Places

7. Alexius I of Byzantine Empire Asked For Help and
Pope Urban II Called
For the 1st Crusade
“God wills it!”

8. The Crusades
The Crusades were a series of eight (8) military campaigns to the Holy Land and Jerusalem.
The Christians (Crusaders) were fighting the Muslims for control of Jerusalem, the Christians most holy city. The Christians took control of Jerusalem, but then lost it again.

9. Major Figures of the Crusades
Pope Urban II
Called for 1st Crusade
Alexius I
Byzantine Emperor threatened by Muslims
Calls for help (Pope Urban II)
Saladin
Successful Muslim leader who retakes Jerusalem from Christians.
Richard the Lionheart
Famous Christian leader captured the city of Acre in the Third Crusade.

10. Success of the Crusades???????
The 1st Crusade was the only successful one!!!
Jerusalem captured 1099
Crusader States established
1187 Saladin recaptures Jerusalem
Slowly takes over Crusader States
Crusades lasted over a period of 200 years
Fourth Crusade
Christians vs Christians
1291 last Christian outpost taken by Muslims
Port city of Acre

11. Impact of the Crusades Persecution of Jews and Muslims
Hatred between Christians & Muslims
Economic development via increase in trade
Monarchs gained power due taxation
Catholic Church lost power
Breakdown of Feudalism
Deeping split between Eastern & Western Christianity
Interest in Learning
Leads to Exploration & Renaissance
Byzantine Empire weakened

12. The Reconquista Reconquista (Reconquest)
Kingdom of Portugal and Spain are established on the Iberian Peninsula
Both Christian kingdoms
Spain > Ferdinand & Isabella (King/Queen)
Reconquista (Reconquest)
Drive Muslims (called Moors) out of Iberian Peninsula
Ferdinand & Isabella establish religious unity
Only Roman Catholicism
Inquisition
Church Court to try people for heresy
Jews & Muslims pushed out of Spain