Georgia State Standard Chapter 13 Genetics and Biotechnology 13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology Georgia State Standard SB2f – Examine the use of DNA technology in forensics, medicine, & agriculture.

Precursors: Selective Breeding Chapter 13 Genetics and Biotechnology 13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology Precursors: Selective Breeding The process by which ____________ traits of certain plants and animals are selected and passed on to their future generations is called ____________ ____________. Saint Bernard Rescue dog Husky Sled dog German shepherd Service dog

____________ breeds are ____________ by inbreeding. Chapter 13 Genetics and Biotechnology 13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology Precursors: Inbreeding The process in which two ____________ ____________organisms are bred to have the desired traits and to eliminate the undesired ones in future generations ____________ breeds are ____________ by inbreeding. A disadvantage of inbreeding is that ____________ recessive traits also can be passed on to future generations. Ex: Dog breeds are kept pure by inbreeding

Chapter 13 Genetics and Biotechnology 13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology Precursors: Test Cross A ____________ ____________involves breeding an organism that has the ____________ genotype with one that is homozygous recessive for the desired trait.

Chapter 13 Genetics and Biotechnology 13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology Genetic Engineering Technology that involves ____________ the ____________ of one organism in order to ____________ the DNA of ____________ organism, called exogenous DNA.

Genetically engineered organisms are used Chapter 13 Genetics and Biotechnology 13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology Genetically engineered organisms are used to study the expression of a particular gene. to investigate cellular processes. to study the development of a certain ____________. Genetically engineered bollworm to select traits that might be ____________ to humans.

Chapter 13 Genetics and Biotechnology 13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology DNA Tools An organism’s ____________ is the total DNA in the nucleus of each cell. DNA tools can be used to manipulate DNA and to isolate genes from the rest of the genome.

DNA Tools: ____________ ____________ Chapter 13 Genetics and Biotechnology 13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology DNA Tools: ____________ ____________ recognize and bind to specific DNA sequences and ____________ the DNA within the sequence. Scientists use restriction enzymes as powerful tools for ____________ specific genes or regions of the genome.

The smaller fragments move farther faster than the larger ones. Chapter 13 Genetics and Biotechnology 13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology DNA Tools: Gel Electrophoresis An electric current is used to separate DNA fragments according to the size of the fragments in a process called ____________ ____________. When an electric current is applied, the DNA fragments move toward the positive end of the gel. The smaller fragments move farther faster than the larger ones.

Gel Electrophoresis Cont’d Chapter 13 Genetics and Biotechnology 13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology Gel electrophoresis Gel Electrophoresis Cont’d The unique pattern created based on the size of the DNA fragment can be compared to known DNA fragments for ____________ of people. This is called ____________ ____________.

DNA Fingerprinting Example

DNA Tools: Recombinant DNA Chapter 13 Genetics and Biotechnology 13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology DNA Tools: Recombinant DNA A newly generated DNA molecule with DNA from different sources is called ____________ ____________.

Recombinant DNA Cont’d Chapter 13 Genetics and Biotechnology 13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology Recombinant DNA Cont’d Recombinant DNA is used in ____________ to mass produce human ____________ for diabetics and to clean up ____________ ____________. Recombinant DNA is used in ____________ to mass produce a human ____________ to treat ____________ ____________.

DNA Tools: Used to __________ a DNA sample for any scientific investigation including __________ analysis and __________ testing  PCR takes approximately _____ hours. This automated process bypasses the need to use bacteria for amplifying DNA.

DNA Tools: Cloning http://learn. genetics. utah Cloning - Using the DNA of one organism to create and identical ____________ Steps: Isolate ____________ cells (from who you will be cloning) Remove ____________ from donor egg ____________ nucleus from donor cells into donor egg ____________ cell division ____________ embryo into surrogate mother ____________ organism will be born

Chapter 13 Genetics and Biotechnology 13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology Transgenic Organisms Organisms that have been genetically engineered by ____________ one or more ____________ from another organism.

Chapter 13 Genetics and Biotechnology 13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology Transgenic Animals Scientists produce most transgenic animals in laboratories for biological ____________, often to study the function of different traits. Commonly used animals - Mice, fruit flies, and the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans

Chapter 13 Genetics and Biotechnology 13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology Transgenic Plants Biologists use DNA technology to produce plants with many desirable traits. Genetically engineered cotton resists ____________ infestation of the bolls. Sweet-potato plants are resistant to a ____________ that could kill most of the African harvest. Rice plants with increased iron and vitamins could ____________ malnutrition.