1. Genetic Engineering

2. Types of Breeding
Selective Breeding: take advantage of naturally occurring genetic variation in plants, animals, and other organisms, to pass desired traits to the next generation.
dogs, horses, cats, farm animals, & crop plants
Burbank: potato resistant to potato blight

3. Types of Breeding
Hybridization: crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of both
Shasta Daisies

4. Inbreeding maintains desired characteristics
increases chances of disease & deformities
golden retrievers & German shepherds: blindness and joint deformities
radiation & chemicals: induce mutations  increase the genetic variation
useful bacteria & polyploid plants

5. Manipulating DNA Genetic Engineering: making changes to the DNA code
Scientist use the knowledge of the structure and function of DNA and its chemical properties to study and change DNA molecules.

6. DNA Extraction cell is opened and DNA is separated
Cutting DNA: use restriction enzymes, which cut DNA at a specific sequence of bases
100's of different ones
will only cut the DNA if it matches the sequence exactly

9. Separating DNA
gel electrophoresis: mixture of DNA fragments is placed at one end of a gel, and an electric voltage is applied to the gel.
DNA molecules move to the positive end of the gel.
The smaller DNA fragments move the farthest down the gel, while the larger pieces stay near the top.

13. Cutting, Pasting, & Copying DNA
recombinant DNA: take a gene from one organism and attach it to another
PCR (polymerase chain reaction)
makes many copies of a DNA segment

15. PCR