1. Genetic Engineering
9/11/2018
SB2f

2. SB2f Students will analyze how biological traits are passed on
F. Examine the use of DNA technology in forensics, medicine, and agriculture.
9/11/2018
SB2f

3. Gel Electrophoresis
An electrical current is used to separate a mixture of DNA fragments from each other by size.
DNA is negatively charged
Uses restriction enzymes that cut the DNA at specific nucleotide sequences
9/11/2018
SB2f

4. PCR
A technique that produces millions and even billions of copies of a specific DNA sequence in just a few hours.
Similar to DNA Replication
3 steps:
Separating (double to single strand)
Binding (cooled, primer binds to complementary DNA sequence)
Primer is a short segment of DNA that acts as a starting point for a new strand
Copying (heated, polymerase builds new strands of DNA)
9/11/2018
SB2f

5. DNA Fingerprinting
Is a representation of parts of an individual’s DNA that can be used to identify a person at a molecular level
Uses the noncoding regions of DNA
Used often in legal cases, paternity, and kinship
9/11/2018
SB2f

6. What is Genetic Engineering?
Genetic engineering makes it possible to transfer DNA sequences from one organism to another.
Based on the use of recombinant DNA
Currently looking at ways of using recombinant DNA to make vaccines to protect against HIV.
9/11/2018
SB2f

7. Transgenic Organisms
Putting genetic information from one type of animal or plant into another
Meaning they contain genes from other species.
Can be used to grow new organisms.
Ex: Viruses sort of do this when they infect us.
Ex: Corn with its own insecticides
Ex: Inserting human genes into mice to produce various human proteins for treating diseases.
9/11/2018
SB2f

8. Uses of Genetic Engineering
Gene Therapy
Take out the bad gene, replace with a good gene
Medicine Production
Can use bacteria or other organisms to make medicines for humans
Example: insulin production
Genetically Modified Food Crops
Change crops for certain purposes
Resistance to pests
Resistance to pesticides
Square shape for more efficient packing
SB2f
9/11/2018

9. 9/11/2018
SB2f

10. SB2f
9/11/2018

11. Genetic Screening Involves the testing of DNA.
Determines risk of having or passing on a genetic disorder
Used to detect specific genes or proteins
Can detect some genes related to an increased risk of cancer
Can detect some genes known to cause genetic disorders
9/11/2018
SB2f

12. Cloning A “clone” is a copy of something.
In genetics, a clone is an exact copy of another organism.
Ex: Dolly was the 1st sheep to be cloned in 1996.
Ex: Binary fission, budding, regeneration, nuclear transfer for mammals.
9/11/2018
SB2f

13. Selective Breeding
Allowing only the animals with desired characteristics to produce the next generation.
Ex: Dog breeding
9/11/2018
SB2f

14. Hybridization
Two different but related varieties or species of plants or animals are mated.
Ex: Yorkie Poo
9/11/2018
SB2f

15. Inbreeding The mating of related individuals to establish a pure line.
Ex: Golden retrievers
9/11/2018
SB2f