As you come in…. What is a verb? Identify the verbs in the following sentences (note – often there is more than one): I am having a party. I have written a novel. Can I come round yours for tea? Are we still going to the cinema this weekend? My sister loves eating pizza. EXTENSION – Do you know what type of verbs they are? Am having Have written Can come Are going Loves eating

Lesson focus: verbs and verb phrases Lesson objectives: To identify different types of verb To construct verb phrases

Feedback from as you come in… task

Starter – main and auxiliary verbs Finite Verbs - A finite verb (sometimes called main verbs) is a verb that has a subject, this means that it can be the main verb in a sentence. It shows tense (past / present etc) or number (singular / plural). For example:- I live in Germany. (I is the subject - live describes what the subject does - live is a finite verb). Non-Finite Verbs A non-finite verb has no subject, tense or number. The only non-finite verb forms are the infinitive (indicated by to), the gerund or the participle. For example:- I travelled to Germany to improve my German. (To improve is in the infinitive form)

Starter – finite/main VS auxiliary verbs An auxiliary verb is a verb that adds functional or grammatical meaning to the clause in which it appears—for example, to express tense, aspect, modality, voice, emphasis, etc. Auxiliary verbs usually accompany a main verb. The main verb provides the main semantic content of the clause. An example is the verb have in the sentence I have finished my dinner. Here, the main verb is finish, and the auxiliary have helps to express the perfect tense aspect. Some sentences contain a chain of two or more auxiliary verbs. Auxiliary verbs are also called helping verbs, helper verbs, or (verbal) auxiliaries. Auxiliary means supporting/secondary verb

Identify the finite/main and auxiliary verbs in the sentences below: 1. I will have the soup 2. Police are investigating the incident  3. It is very peaceful here   4. Where does your brother work?  5. They have decided to advertise your job 6. He does his homework on the way to school

Modal verbs Modal verbs are verbs used to show if we believe something is certain, probable or possible (or not). We also use modals to do things like talking about ability, asking permission making requests and offers, and so on.   Can could May might Shall should Will would Write a sentence using a modal verb to: Show you believe that something is certain Show that you think that something is probable Show that you think something is possible Talk about someone/something’s ability Asking permission for something Make an offer for something E.g. We will win the world cup. We should… We might… She can sing very well. Can I go out? Would you like to go out?

Verb phrases In a similar way to a noun phrase, a verb phrase is build around a head word, the finite/main verb. Verb phrases are generally less complex than noun phrases, but can, in addition to main verbs, include auxiliary verbs (that show tense) or modal verbs (that show someone’s degree of commitment) Examples: I have eaten an entire cake. You should have completed your home learning by now. I will have finished my work by the end of the lesson.

Verb phrases Spot the verb phrases in the below sentences: Selena should have been driving with more care, for then she would not have gotten her third ticket this year. Joan has written her report. Gene will always do his work on time. They have enjoyed themselves. You have been working hard. He will take you to school. Now write two sentences of your own with verb phrases NOTE – adverbs, although modifiers, are NOT part of a verb phrase (unlike adjectives in noun phrases) Should have been Has written Will do (always is NOT part of the verb phrase – annoyingly) Have enjoyed Have been working Will take

Quiz British Council Quiz Go to the back of your books and complete the quiz on your own

Sub-classes of auxiliary verb Auxiliary verbs can be broken down into two different sub-classes Primary auxiliary verbs – an auxiliary verb that shows tense (like be, do and have) Modal auxiliary verb – an auxiliary verb that shows a degree of commitment towards an event or person that a speaker holds (may, could and must)

Development England should win the rugby world cup. Least forceful Most forceful It is possible to place modal auxiliary verbs along a continuum to show degrees of strength towards a commitment. Using the contextual information provided, place the four auxiliaries below in order of force. Then, Write the sentences in your books (in order of force) Identify the verb phrase in each sentence Identify what type of verb each verb is in the sentence Think of an occasion when a speaker/text producer might choose one form over another. What might influence their choice? England should win the rugby world cup. England will win the rugby world cup. England might win the rugby world cup. England must win the rugby world cup. Might, should, will, must

Extension – imperative verbs Commands / directions List as many different types of text as you can that use quite a lot of imperative verbs CHALLENGE - sweet treats for anyone next lesson who comes up with more than five.

A verb can be dynamic or stative. EXTENSION EXTENSION A verb can be dynamic or stative. A dynamic verb is one which relates to action e.g. to run; to hit; to speak. A stative verb is one which expresses states of being or thought processes rather than actions e.g. to be; to seem; to know; to mean. They are not usually used in the continuous tenses (ing). They usually relate to thoughts, emotions, relationships, senses, states of being and measurements. Exercise 1 Identify the verb and its subject in each sentence. State whether the verb is dynamic or stative. The baby slept. A huge bridge spanned the lake. The best man made a speech. The postman arrived. The children picked blackberries. The black cat lying in her basket with her three kittens slept peacefully. The girl read her essay brilliantly. Idle students seem to fail their exams. I know what to do. She wished that the tooth fairy would come. 1 – stative 2 – dynamic 3 – dynamic 4 – stative 5 – dynamic 6 – both 7 – dynamic 8 – dynamic??? 9 – stative 10 - stative