1. PAST PERFECT

3. FORM I had finished my work. You stopped before me. She not gone
Subject
Auxiliary verb
Main verb + I
had
finished
my work.
You
stopped
before me. -
She
not
gone
to school. We
left. ?
Had
you
arrived?
they
eaten
dinner?

4. Past Perfect Tense
expresses action in the past before another action in the past  past in the past.
EXAMPLE :
The train left at 9am. We arrived at 9.15am.  When we arrived, the train had (already) left.

5. Past Perfect Simple Timeline
Sequence of events
Past Perfect Simple Timeline
FIRST ACTION
SECOND ACTION

6. Examples:
had received
had written
it hit
my friend stopped by
The Titanic had received many warnings before it hit the iceberg.
I had already written my report when my friend stopped by to visit.

7. USE:
To talk about a past action that ended before another action or time in the past, we use before and after & simple past.
The lecutre had started before we arrived
We also use the past perfect to show the cause of a past action.
I was tired on Monday because I hadn’t slept well the night before.
With time expressions such as when, after, before, as soon as, by the time, by and until
By the time I got home, my brother had already left.

8. The key words of Past Perfect
After
{Past Perfect}
, Past Simple
As soon as
Before
{Past Simple}
, Past Perfect
By the time

9. Before he made a telephone call , he had finished the meeting.
AFTER vs. BEFORE:
After he had finished the meeting , he made a telephone call. OR
Before he made a telephone call , he had finished the meeting.

10. Finish learning - go out
Make similar sentences using after and before.
Finish learning - go out
After I had finished learning, I went out.
Before I went out, I had finished learning.

11. Make similar sentences using by the time and as soon as.
go to the faculty - read
By the time I went to the faculty,I had read an interesting book.
As soon as I had read an interesting book, I went to the faculty.