1. VERBS

2. FINITE Can be joined by linking verbs and helping verbs
Can be either transitive or intransitive
Can indicate tense, word or voice.

3. Linking (copular verbs)
Link a subject with a complement that describes or explains it.
Linking verbs include sensory verbs (smell, hear, look, taste e.t.c), and verbs like be, appear, seem, remain, stay, prove, sound and turn.

4. Helping verbs Also known as auxiliary verbs
Help to form certain sentences when combined with a main verb
To be
To do primary auxiliary verbs
To have

5. Modal vebs (indicate modality)
Combine with the base form of a main verb
Suggest a condition such as a need, likelihood, requirement or permission.
Such verbs include can, could, may, might, must, ought to, should, will and would.

6. Transivite verbs Express an action carried out on one or more objects.
e.g. I made a cake (direct object)
I wrote the Queen a letter
indirect direct

7. Intransitive verbs
Do not require an object to complete their meaning. They are complete in themselves.
e.g. Ice melts in the sun
My dog lay down on the floor

8. Verb phrase Is a compound verb Is a main verb plus helping verbs
e.g. I can read
The film has started

9. Phrasal verbs A two or three-word verb
Consists of a main verb and preposition that is vital to the meaning of the verb.
Do not use hyphen in a phrasal verb.
e.g. Let’s turn on the light.

10. Non-finite verbs Also known as verbals
Comprise infinitives, participles and gerunds
Unlike finite verbs they can’t complete an independent clause or does their form change.

11. Participles Can be present or past tense
Added to a helping verb to make a verb

12. Present participle
Always ends in – ing.
I am riding north tonight.

13. The past participle Often ends in -d or –ed.
Can have an irregular ending.
I have cooked dinner tonight.
I have broken my curfew.
Bored students need extra work to to do.
A past participle can funtion as an adjective.

14. Gerund Always ends in –ing. Always fucntions as a noun.
e.g. Boris loves dancing.

15. Infinitive
Is often comprised of the marker ‘to’ and the main part of the verb.
e.g. I want to breed show ponies.

16. Split infinitive
In English the infinitive is two words, and so can be freely split, as in:
To boldly go
To gradually disperse.

17. Verbal Phrase
Comprises a non-finite verb (a verbal) and the words modifying it.
e.g. When examined carefully, the substance did not seem to be harmful.