1. More on verbs and adverbs L/O: to revise/learn the function and effects of verbs and adverbs to revise/learn the function and effects of verbs and adverbs Quick revision: What is the difference between the active voice and the passive voice? What is the difference between the progressive aspect and the perfect aspect? How many kinds of auxiliary verbs are there?

2. It is useful to distinguish between the different types of processes that verbs describe: Verb ProcessTypeExamples MaterialDescribe actions or events Hit, run, eat, push, read, paint, remove RelationalDescribe states of being or are used to identify Be, appear, seem, become MentalDescribe perception, thought or speech Think, speak, believe, love Dynamic verb processes Processes where there is a change in state over time Paint, remove, eat Stative verb processes Processes where the situation remains constant Love, hold, believe

3. Adverbs are used to modify verb processes Verb: I ran very fast. But they can also modify nouns and adjectives as well as entire sentences… Other adverbs: I ran very quickly. Adjectives: It is a very small town. Whole sentences (expressing an attitude): Interestingly, the town is small. Adverbs can also be comparative or superlative through the addition of ‘more’/’most’

4. There are more ways than one to modify meaning, you sassy adverbs! mannerHow something is doneHe talks constantly. placeWhere something is happening The book is here. timeWhen something is happening The exam is tomorrow. durationHow long something happens for The road is closed temporarily. frequencyHow often something takes place Mandy visits sometimes. degreeThe extent to which something is done We completely understand. directionThe direction something happens in Robyn walked towards the door. feelingsHow you feel or what you think about something Hopefully, we’ll find out where the money is.

5. Tasks 1.Identify all of the adjectives and adverbs used in the two travel brochures. How does this help to convey an attractive image for potential holidaymakers? Challenge: substitute a few of the adverb/adjective choices with an alternative – what is the effect? 2. With a partner, write a few blurbs for a travel brochure for London using adverbs, adjectives and modal auxiliaries. When you have completed the brochure, write a short paragraph saying what choices of grammar you have made and why. HW: Find a text that is of a particular genre (recipe, car magazine, travel brochure), copy it out taking out all of the nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, leaving them blank.