Events and Ideas #2 From the Farm to the Factory World History Unit 3

Essential Question: Analyze what effect these inventions had on the social, economic, and cultural aspects of this time period.

Steam Engine 1712 – Thomas Newcomen First practical steam engine. Used to pump water out of mines 1712 – Thomas Newcomen i. First practical steam engine. ii. Rudimentary design was primarily used to pump water out of mines.

Steam Engine 1769 – James Watt Improved steam engine. = energy Great Britain 1769 1st Industrial Revolution An engine that converts the heat energy of pressurized steam into mechanical energy. Power source for factories Watt Steam Engine 1769 – James Watt i. Improved steam engine. ii. Created an improved engine that allowed the cooling to take place in a separate compartment. 1820 – George Stephenson i. First railway system. ii. Created the first fully functioning railway line in 1820 that ran from Hetton colliery to Sunderland. iii. It was 8 miles long (13 km).

Steam Engine https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fsXpaPSVasQ 4:49

Steam Engine Trains 1800s – George Stephenson First railway system. Steam locomotive – train Great Britain 1825 1st Industrial Revolution Transportation – land, revolutionized transportation Linked people, place, goods Creates demand for: iron rails & engines, jobs for building & operating, coal

Steam Engine Train https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g8LrAsL4oH0

Steam Boat Water transportation United States 1807 1st Industrial Revolution Propelled boats along waterways powered by steam Transportation – faster and cheaper Communication improves (mail moves faster) Robert Fulton

Factories change the character of English cities forever. Early 1700s, factories were near water and powered by mills. After 1770, factories were located near workers in cities. Powered by coal burning steam engines. Machines ran all day with workers forced to work in shifts. Early 1700s, factories were near water and powered by mills. After 1770, factories were located near workers in cities. Powered by coal burning steam engines. Machines ran all day with workers forced to work in shifts. i. Factory owners wanted the new expensive machines to run day and night. ii. This required factory workers to work in shifts. iii. Most factory workers were former peasants used to periods of work followed by periods of rest. iv. Farming is very intensive in the Spring and Fall but you can relax in the winter. v. Factory owners used discipline to “train” workers to the new system of regular hours and repetitive tasks. vi. Anyone who came to work late was fined. You could easily be fired for misconduct and children were often beaten by their bosses.

Factories https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V0H8P3bnNE0 2:28

Textile (Cloth) Industry The textile industry was the first industry to mechanize Making cotton cloth is a two step process. Spinners made thread from raw cotton. Weavers weave thread into cloth on looms. Textiles were the main export for England in the 1700s and 1800s. The textile industry was the first industry to mechanize in England. Making cotton cloth is a two step process. i. Spinners made thread from raw cotton. ii. Weavers weave thread into cloth on looms. Textiles were the main export for England in the 1700s and 1800s. Anything made from cloth is considered a textile.

Answer the Essential Question: Analyze what effect these inventions had on the social, economic, and cultural aspects of this time period.