Growth of Royal Power Ch 13 sec 1

How was Royal Power limited Relied on Vassals for military support. Church & Nobles had as much power as the King – had their own militaries. Nobles collected their own taxes. Church had their own courts.

Norman Invasion 1066 King Edward dies and Harold takes the throne of England William of Normandy claims he has the rights to the throne William takes his Norman knights to invade England. Harold meets William at Hastings. Harold has the high ground. William pretends to retreat. Harold advances.

Norman Invasion 1066 Once Harold is off the hill, William turns his knights around. William and his knights win the battle and takes the throne. Harold is killed in battle. Bayeux Tapestry http://hastings1066.com/bayhi2a.shtml

William the Conquerer Consolidates power Keeps land for himself but also gives land to the nobles that fought for him. Also gave land to the church Had to swear allegiance to him.

Domesday Book & Exchequer A census taken of the kingdom Very thorough: listed every castle, field, pigpen. Led to a tax based on what one owned. No one escaped the tax. Tax money was placed in the Exchequer; the Royal treasury. Fees fines and other dues went into this account.

Henry II – legal system Church held trials Introduces a Royal Court Based on English customs Common Law developed – legal system based on customs and common court rulings. Judges were sent throughout England to enforce and judge people according to this common law.

Henry II – legal system Created a Jury system A group of men who were chosen to speak the truth about the accused. Later they would be used to determine which trials would be heard. Led to our modern day jury Grand Jury Petit Jury

Henry II & the Church Created a problem with the church; he claimed that he had a right to try clergy in Royal courts. Thomas Becket the Archbishop of Canterbury opposed Henry’s right. Henry has Becket killed in his cathedral. Henry denied having him killed.

King John of England Said to be greedy, cruel, and untrustworthy. Nick name- Soft Sword Lost every battle, lost possessions in France to Philip II. Lost an argument with Pope Innocent III – he was excommunicated and England was Interdicted. Angered the nobles over taxes and other abuses of power.

King John & the Magna Carta Great Charter Nobles made King John sign the document if he wanted more money for his wars. It limited the powers of the king and gave rights to the people(nobles). Due process of law. No taxation without representation. Acts against person and property

Development of Parliament Kings would call on the Great Council for advice. During the 1200’s the GC evolved into the Parliament. In 1295 Edward called on Parliament to approve money for wars in France. “What touches all should be approved by all” – King Edward

Development of Parliament Edward’s parliament was made up of two houses or cambers. House of Lords – made up of Lords and Clergy. House of Commons – made up of knights and townspeople. It became known as the Model Parliament – set up the framework for the English legislature. Had the power of the purse.

Capetian Dynasty Hugh Capet chosen by Frankish nobles to fill the vacant throne of France. Chosen because he was thought to be very weak. Nobles wanted to keep their power.

Capetian Dynasty How did the Capetians increase royal power? Made the throne hereditary Added to their lands by playing nobles against each other. Won support of the church.

Philip II – Philip Augustus Strengthened Royal Government Paid middle class in govt positions –loyalty Granted charters to towns Organized a standing army National tax

Louis IX Generous, noble, devoted to justice. Very religious, greatest medieval French King. Improvement in royal govt Expanded royal courts Outlawed private wars Ended serfdom

Philip IV vs Pope Boniface VIII Tried to collect taxes from the clergy. Pope Boniface refused this demand Philip sent men after the Pope Pope escaped only to die a month later from a fever. Philip moved the papal court to Avignon France and picked the new pope.

Philip IV the Fair Created the Estates General – the French legislature consisting of three estates. 1st Estate – Clergy 2nd Estate – Nobles 3rd Estate – Townspeople Never gained as much power as Parliament. Used to gain loyalty of the common people and to take power from the church.

Philip IV the Fair Invited the Knights templar to France (with Clement V – Pope) to celebrate their work. Was a trap to get them to France Once there they were tortured for their wealth. They never gave up the whereabouts of their treasure. They were burned at the stake.