The Industrial Revolution By: Mr. Snell World History HRHS

Main Idea In the 1700s, conditions in Great Britain led to the rapid growth of the textile industry, which in turn led to huge changes in many other industries. In the 1700s, conditions in Great Britain led to the rapid growth of the textile industry, which in turn led to huge changes in many other industries.

Factors for Success Exploration & Colonialism -Raw Materials Exploration & Colonialism -Raw Materials Seapower -Navy/Merchant fleet Seapower -Navy/Merchant fleet Political Instability -Peace at home Political Instability -Peace at home Government Support -Parliament Laws Government Support -Parliament Laws Growth of Private Investment -Research and Development Growth of Private Investment -Research and Development

Agricultural Factors Jethro Tull invented the seed drill in Jethro Tull invented the seed drill in Better variety of food crops Better variety of food crops Larger food supply. Larger food supply. Enclosure Movement – Combined small fields and fenced them in for a wealthy landowner to purchase. Allowed for more efficient farming, but kicked many farmers off their land, and into the city for jobs. Enclosure Movement – Combined small fields and fenced them in for a wealthy landowner to purchase. Allowed for more efficient farming, but kicked many farmers off their land, and into the city for jobs.

Enclosure Today

Why Britain? Home to the factors of production, or the three essential elements for a nation to achieve economic success Home to the factors of production, or the three essential elements for a nation to achieve economic success Land, Labor, Capital Land, Labor, Capital Land = natural resources, mainly water. Land = natural resources, mainly water. Labor = Food supply supporting more workers. Labor = Food supply supporting more workers. Capital = Investment Capital = Investment

Textile Revolution Industrial Revolution began with the textile industry. Industrial Revolution began with the textile industry. Cottage Industry - Craft occupation done at home (weaving). Cottage Industry - Craft occupation done at home (weaving). Old habits changed through the process of industrialization, or changing to power-driven machinery. Old habits changed through the process of industrialization, or changing to power-driven machinery.

New Cloth Enclosure Movement increased supply of wool or cotton. Enclosure Movement increased supply of wool or cotton. Slave Labor from colonies produced more cotton. Slave Labor from colonies produced more cotton. Eli Whitney – Created the cotton gin to remove seeds from raw blossoms. Eli Whitney – Created the cotton gin to remove seeds from raw blossoms. James Hargreaves – Created the Spinning Jenny to spin several threads at once. James Hargreaves – Created the Spinning Jenny to spin several threads at once. John Kay – Invented the “Flying Shuttle” which allowed a weave to work twice as fast. John Kay – Invented the “Flying Shuttle” which allowed a weave to work twice as fast. In 1785, Edmond Cartwright patented the Loom, a larger, faster weaving system. In 1785, Edmond Cartwright patented the Loom, a larger, faster weaving system.

Eli Whitney Cotton Gin

James Hargraves Spinning Jenny

John Kay’s “Flying Shuttle”

Home to Factory New inventions required more space then available at home. New inventions required more space then available at home. Factory – A Building that housed industrial machines. Factory – A Building that housed industrial machines. Richard Arkwright – Created the Water-frame to power factories. Richard Arkwright – Created the Water-frame to power factories.

Richard Arkwright: “Pioneer of the Factory System” The “Water Frame”

The Power Loom

Steam Power…And Beyond British inventors learned to harness the force of steam power. British inventors learned to harness the force of steam power. James Watt – Added a faster engine to the steam engine for speed and efficiency. James Watt – Added a faster engine to the steam engine for speed and efficiency. Factories no longer dependent on being close to water. Factories no longer dependent on being close to water. Robert Fulton – Developed the steamship, known as the Clermont. Robert Fulton – Developed the steamship, known as the Clermont.

James Watt’s Steam Engine

Steam Ship

Coal England had a strong supply of coal, which was needed to heat water for steam power. England had a strong supply of coal, which was needed to heat water for steam power ton of coal 50, 000 miners tons 200, 000 miners million tons 500, 000 miners million tons 1, 200, 000 miners

Industrialization Spreads Industry and the West -spread slowly due to the impacts of individual freedom Industry and the West -spread slowly due to the impacts of individual freedom To America -Most benefited country -Britain did not want inventions to be shared or spread. -Samuel Slater. To America -Most benefited country -Britain did not want inventions to be shared or spread. -Samuel Slater. Europe -Affected Belgium (1807), France (1848), Germany (1850). Europe -Affected Belgium (1807), France (1848), Germany (1850). Asia -Japan (1868). Asia -Japan (1868).

Before the Factory System Goods were produced in the home. Goods were produced in the home. Work required a wide range of skills. Work required a wide range of skills. Children did chores at home with the family. Children did chores at home with the family. Families worked directly with merchants. Families worked directly with merchants. Few people were members of the middle class. Few people were members of the middle class.

After the Factory System Goods were produced in factories. Goods were produced in factories. Work required a few easily learned skills. Work required a few easily learned skills. Children were employed in large numbers in the factories. Children were employed in large numbers in the factories. Workers dealt with managers and factory owners. Workers dealt with managers and factory owners. Middle class increased. Middle class increased.