Indian Battles and Policies

Native American Timeline Chart (for our class) Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868) Battle of Little Bighorn (1876) Dawes Act (1887) Wounded Knee (1890) Starting here at the bottom!

Battle of Wounded Knee (1890) Sioux Reservation in South Dakota (Pine Ridge Reservation) http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D?hawp:7:./temp/~ammem_EWTw:: Bird's eye view to the west across the valley of the Wounded Knee battleground with slain American Lakota Sioux and burial party barely visible above cottonwoods along the creek, Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota.

Sitting Bull US 7th Calvary

Ghost Dance raises fears of Sioux uprisings. Sitting Bull killed in an attempted arrest. http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D?hawp:2:./temp/~ammem_TPq7:: Native American Lakota Sioux men and boys perform a dance on the Pine Ridge Agency, South Dakota. They wear breechcloths, bustles, roaches, feathers in their hair, leg bands with bells, moccasins, arm bands, and hair pipe breastplates.

His followers surrender and camp at Wounded Knee. Shots are fired; some 200 – 300 Sioux die (women and children included). http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D?hawp:17:./temp/~ammem_T0Wl:: Black and white members of the Ninth Cavalry (Buffalo Soldiers) pose in their wall tent camp during the Native American Sioux campaign on Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota. Hay has been scattered over the snow-covered ground for horses covered with blankets.

http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D?hawp:6:./temp/~ammem_EWTw:: View southwest from center of council circle after the fight at Wounded Knee Creek, Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota, shows men holding moccasins and other souvenirs among the frozen bodies of Native American Lakota Sioux on the snow covered ground.

http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D?hawp:5:./temp/~ammem_EWTw:: A civilian burial party and U.S. Army officers pose over a mass grave trench with bodies of Native American Lakota Sioux killed at Wounded Knee, Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota.

Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868) Takes place at Fort Laramie (Wyoming) Concerns Black Hills region of South Dakota

Lt. Gen. William T. Sherman (remember him?) Various Sioux tribes Sitting Bull refused to be involved http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D?hawp:5:./temp/~ammem_oo5n:: A Native American orator speaks in front of a council at Fort Laramie, Wyoming Territory. Other Native Americans sit against the far wall, white men sit at a table.

Let’s take a look at the treaty together to better understand what it says and how it impacts relations http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D?hawp:1:./temp/~ammem_oo5n:: A Native American (Modoc or Dakota) woman stands outdoors in the center of a group of six white men, three in military uniforms, three in suits and coats; she wears a blanket wrapped around her shoulders. Possibly the Fort Laramie Treaty Council or the Modoc War.

Battle of Little Bighorn (1876) Sioux of the Northern Plains – Dakota, WY, and MT territories (Black Hills Region)

Sitting Bull Crazy Horse Lt. Col. George A. Custer

US Govt. tries to buy the gold-rich Black Hills from Sioux. Talks fail and Custer’s 7th Calvary sent to round up the Sioux. http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D?hawp:1:./temp/~ammem_S6Ky:: View of Captain Anson Mills' Third Cavalry companies in battalion formation, on Native American Sioux campaigns in the Black Hills, Dakota Territory.

Troops meet up with large number of Sioux. Custer and 200 men killed in “Custer’s Last Stand.” http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D?hawp:3:./temp/~ammem_aI9f:: View of the grave stones and the enclosed monument at the Little Big Horn Battlefield in Montana. Script on front of mat board reads: "The battle was fought June 25th, 1876. The cross marks the place General Custer fell. This battle was fought on the ridge just above the banks of the Little Big Horn River. The only human being who managed to escape was a Crow Indian named Curley who was Custer's guide. He took a ?? from a dead Sioux Indian and made his escape as a Sioux Indian. The only authentic history of the fight is given by the Indians, for no white man was spared. This was one of the greatest Indian battles ever...? regiment were killed."

Dawes Act (1887) Impacts all Native American Tribes within the United States Put into effect by US government (Congress)

Dawes Act (1887)- Impact Forces Native Americans onto reservations Gives land directly to people within a tribe

Native American Reservation Ysleta Del Sur, El Paso, TX

Native American Reservation Ysleta Del Sur, El Paso, TX

American Indian Reservations http://www.infoplease.com/images/indian9.gif

Dawes Act (1887)- Impact Forces Native Americans onto reservations Gives land directly to people within a tribe Increases the assimilation process into American culture through education

What differences do you notice? http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D?hawp:6:./temp/~ammem_nzh9::@@@mdb=mcc,gottscho,detr,nfor,wpa,aap,cwar,bbpix,cowellbib,calbkbib,consrvbib,bdsbib,dag,fsaall,gmd,pan,vv,presp,varstg,suffrg,nawbib,horyd,wtc,toddbib,mgw,ncr,ngp,musdibib,hlaw,papr,lhbumbib,rbpebib,lbcoll,alad,hh,aaodyssey,magbell,bbc,dcm,raelbib,runyon,dukesm,lomaxbib,mtj,gottlieb,aep,qlt,coolbib,fpnas,aasm,denn,relpet,amss,aaeo,mff,afc911bib,mjm,mnwp,rbcmillerbib,molden,ww2map,mfdipbib,afcnyebib,klpmap,hawp,omhbib,rbaapcbib,mal,ncpsbib,ncpm,lhbprbib,ftvbib,afcreed,aipn,cwband,flwpabib,wpapos,cmns,psbib,pin,coplandbib,cola,tccc,curt,mharendt,lhbcbbib,eaa,haybib,mesnbib,fine,cwnyhs,svybib,mmorse,afcwwgbib,mymhiwebib,uncall,afcwip,mtaft,manz,llstbib,fawbib,berl,fmuever,cdn,upboverbib,mussm,cic,afcpearl,awh,awhbib,sgp,wright,lhbtnbib,afcesnbib,hurstonbib,mreynoldsbib,spaldingbib,sgproto,scsmbib,afccalbib Picture #1: Group portrait of three Native American students from the Carlisle Indian School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. The young men wear Native American clothing that includes moccasins, leggings, armbands, fur, kerchiefs, a hair pipe necklace, and feathers in their hair. Two of them are sitting, one is standing. http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D?hawp:8:./temp/~ammem_nzh9::@@@mdb=mcc,gottscho,detr,nfor,wpa,aap,cwar,bbpix,cowellbib,calbkbib,consrvbib,bdsbib,dag,fsaall,gmd,pan,vv,presp,varstg,suffrg,nawbib,horyd,wtc,toddbib,mgw,ncr,ngp,musdibib,hlaw,papr,lhbumbib,rbpebib,lbcoll,alad,hh,aaodyssey,magbell,bbc,dcm,raelbib,runyon,dukesm,lomaxbib,mtj,gottlieb,aep,qlt,coolbib,fpnas,aasm,denn,relpet,amss,aaeo,mff,afc911bib,mjm,mnwp,rbcmillerbib,molden,ww2map,mfdipbib,afcnyebib,klpmap,hawp,omhbib,rbaapcbib,mal,ncpsbib,ncpm,lhbprbib,ftvbib,afcreed,aipn,cwband,flwpabib,wpapos,cmns,psbib,pin,coplandbib,cola,tccc,curt,mharendt,lhbcbbib,eaa,haybib,mesnbib,fine,cwnyhs,svybib,mmorse,afcwwgbib,mymhiwebib,uncall,afcwip,mtaft,manz,llstbib,fawbib,berl,fmuever,cdn,upboverbib,mussm,cic,afcpearl,awh,awhbib,sgp,wright,lhbtnbib,afcesnbib,hurstonbib,mreynoldsbib,spaldingbib,sgproto,scsmbib,afccalbib Picture #2: Group portrait of three Native American students dressed in school uniforms at the Carlisle Indian School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. The two older boys are sitting, the youngest is standing behind them. The uniforms consist of boots, plain pants, and a coat with a single row of buttons and a flourish on the wrists.

Video Questions – 3rd Block only What aspects of Zitkala-Ša’s education do you think are positive? In the late 19th Century, few white people thought that saving Native American culture was worth preserving. Why do you think this was the case?

Barb Wire Credited to Joseph Glidden (1874), the “Father of Barbed Wire” Nicknamed “The Devil’s Rope” because of the damage it did to livestock when they encountered it for the first time