1. Cultures Clash on the Prairie Section 13-1 pp. 408-417

2. Preview Questions How did the Plains Indians live? Why did Indians and settlers fight each other? Why did assimilation fail? What caused the cattle business to grow?

3. The Culture of the Plains Indians Live on the Great Plains Some tribes nomadic Depend on horse & buffalo Live in communities Use tribal governments Very spiritual No private land ownership

4. Settlers Push Westward Why Move West? – Looking for land – Looking for gold Argue that since Native Americans haven’t “improved” the land, white settlers could claim it

5. Government Restricts Native Americans Native Americans and white settlers often clashed over the use of land and resources. Government needs more land for RR’s, so they give boundaries to the tribes. Sand Creek Massacre – Cheyenne Indians had attacked white settlers – U.S. Army kills over 150 Cheyenne, including women and children

6. Government Restricts Native Americans Treaty of Ft. Laramie – Most Sioux agree to live on a reservation – Sitting Bull never signs it

7. Government Restricts Native Americans Battle of Little Big Horn (1876) – Sitting Bull defeats Gen. George Custer and all U.S. troops – Native Americans retreat to Canada – Surrender to U.S. Army to avoid starvation

8. Government Supports Assimilation Assimilation: Native Americans give up their beliefs and culture to become part of white culture. Dawes Act (1887) – Government plan of forced assimilation – Broke up reservations – Failure

9. The Battle of Wounded Knee Sioux adopted a ritual known as the Ghost Dance, which frightened white settlers U.S. Army rounds up 300 Sioux and demanded the Sioux turn over their weapons Fighting broke out Army troops killed over 300 unarmed Sioux Signals an end of the “Indian Wars”

10. Cattle Becomes Big Business Americans herded longhorn cattle on the Great Plains. Cowboys adopted much of their culture from Mexican vaqueros.

11. Cattle Becomes Big Business Growth in urban cities increased demand for beef. Cattle ranchers had to herd the cattle along trails to Kansas, where they would be shipped by RR’s to Chicago.

12. End of the Open Range Contributing Factors – Bad Weather – Barbed Wire