By 1900 only 2 African Nations remained independent... Ethiopia Liberia.

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Presentation transcript:

By 1900 only 2 African Nations remained independent... Ethiopia Liberia

Roots of Independence Movement Desire for freedom never abandoned Post WW1 &WW2 movements American Civil Rights Movement Nasser & Arab Nationalism

Struggle for Independence Traditional Colony Colonial Government Export Based Economy European Settled Colony Colonial Government Export Based Economy White Minority Rule Legalized Discrimination

Kwame Nkrumah Under his leadership, Ghana, becomes first African colony to achieve independence

Ghana Becomes Independent st Colony to Achieve Independence Avoids Tribal Conflicts

OAU Nhrumah founded the OAU-- Organization of African Unity worked to promote African economic independence Nkrumah & WEB de Bois work on Pan-African Movement

Patrice Lumumba Became 1st independent leader of Congo considered a radical by west assassinated in military take over

Rebellion in Kenya British colony of Kenya heavily settled by White farmers Took land from Kikuyu and Masai people

Mau Mau Rebellion Mau Mau called themselves the Land & Freedom Party protested for Independence mass arrests

Jomo Kenyatta Kikuyu leader arrested for “terrorism” imprisoned for 8 years became President of Kenya

Jomo Kenyatta Kenya becomes strongest democracy in Africa Kenyatta made Kenya an economic success

Jomo Kenyatta Kenyatta led fight for African stability and prosperity. He stays in power to long = corruption & abuse

Ending Apartheid in South Africa African National Congress Political Party began fight against Apartheid

Apartheid

Nelson Mandela Leader of ANC arrested and jailed for 28 years 120 ANC leaders were jailed

The Years of Struggle

Steve Biko Biko organized student protests against Apartheid banned person beaten to death by police

Bishop Desmond Tutu Anglican minister who led international protest against Apartheid South Africa sanctioned

Impact of Sanctions Worldwide Protest against Apartheid Ban on Trade & Banking Financial Crisis in South Africa

F.W. de Klerk & Nelson Mandela De Klerk, white prime minister negotiated with Mandela released him from Prison made agreement for free elections with all South African’s allowed to vote

South Africa Avoids Bloodbath

South African Independence 1994: first free elections Nelson Mandela became President of South Africa 1994 to present: South Africans work to create economic equality tribunal: trials for criminal acts under Apartheid