Do you agree or disagree with this statement? “Memory is what makes our lives… Without it, we are nothing”.

What is Memory? Test, Test 2TestTest 2  The process by which we recollect prior experiences, information and skills learned in the past.

Types of Memory

3 Types of memory  1.)Semantic –facts, concepts, words, definitions, and languages. –General Knowledge Trivia  2.)Episodic – specific events, personal experiences or activities. Never forget your first kiss. –9-11, Kennedy Assassination, Challenger Explosion.

Example of Episodic Flashbulb Memory Flashbulb Memory  Vivid recollections  Great detail  Dramatic or emotionally charged incidents  Of interest to person  Encoded effortlessly and retained

3.) Implicit Memory  Things that are implied or not clearly stated.  Consist of skills and procedures you have already learned. –Throwing a ball –Riding a bike –Catching a ball –Water Skiing

What type of memories are these?

What kind of memory is this?

Who is this? What type of memory is this picture displaying?

What type of memory is this?

How many sides does a stop sign have?

JFK Assassination

Short-Term Memory “Working Memory”

Limited Duration  Short-term lasts 2 to 30 seconds  Maintenance rehearsal – repeat or rehearse information = stays with you longer

Limited Capacity  Can hold only seven items at one time  Interference – new information enters short-term and pushes out information that is already there

3 Processes of Memory  1.) Encoding: The translation of information into a form in which it can be stored.  1 st stage of processing information.

Read  In your notes write the following sequence of letters.  OTTFFSSENT  Look at the list for 30 seconds and memorize as much of the list that you can.

Visual Codes Form a mental picture of letters in your mind.

Acoustic Codes  Read the list to yourself and repeat several times.  Acoustic code works by recording the letters in your memory as a sequence of sounds.

Semantic Codes  Attempt to make sense of the letters.  Example: OTTFFSSENT  The last 4 letters spells the word SENT.  Semantic means relating to memory.  The letters may represent words.

Process of Memory  Storage: 2 nd process of memory.  Storage is maintaining information in the brain after it has been encoded.

Ways to remember new information.  Maintenance Rehearsal: Repeat information over and over again.  Elaborative Rehearsal: Make new information meaningful by relating it to information you already know.

3 rd Process of Memory  Retrieval: locating stored information in the brain and returning it to conscious thought.  Information that is familiar and hard to forget. –Your name, family and friends names.

Write down the list of letters discussed earlier.  OTTFFSSENT

Ways to Retrieve Information

Context Dependent Memory  Context of a memory is the situation in which a person had the experience being remembered.  Such memories are dependent on the place where they were encoded and stored.

Context Dependent Memory Continued  Study: Students do better on tests when they study for the test in the same room the test will be given.

State Dependent Memories  Retrieve memories better when the person is the same emotional state that the memory was stored in.  Feelings of Happiness: Tend to bring back memories of when the person was happy.

Tip of the Tongue Phenomenon  You feel you know something, but you can’t verbalize it.  It is right on the tip of your tongue.

Chunking  Combine separate items into a larger unit  Remember chunks, not individual parts  George Miller

Separate Memory Systems

Primacy vs. Recency  Primacy – tendency to remember items at the beginning of a list  Recency – tendency to remember items at the end of a list

Procedural Memory  Procedural – skills, habits, and things learned through conditioning

Unusual Memories

Photographic  Form sharp, detailed visual images after examining something for a short period of time  Can recall the entire image at a later date  Occurs in adults

Eidetic Imagery  Occurs in children  Examine something for seconds  Retain image in mind for several minutes  Detail visual image

How Many Numbers Can You Remember?

34875

Write it down!

902321

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Write it down!

Memory Test