1. TYPES OF MEMORY Sensory Memory – Records information from the senses for up to three seconds – Examples are Iconic (Visual) Memory and Echoic (Auditory) Memory Short-Term Memory – Holds about seven items for up to twenty seconds before the material is forgotten or transferred to long-term memory Long-Term Memory – Relatively permanent, can hold vast amounts of information

2. Information-Processing Model of Memory l A model of memory in which information must pass through discrete stages via the processes of attention, encoding, storage, and retrieval.

3. SENSORY MEMORY –Records information from the senses for up to three seconds – Iconic (Visual) Memory - form of sensory memory that holds visual information for up to one second. – Echoic (Auditory) Memory- form of sensory memory that holds auditory information for one to two seconds –Functions- 1) regulates stimulus, 2) decision time, 3) provides stability, playback, and recognition

4. SHORT TERM MEMORY FEATURES-A) LIMITED DURATION / MAINTENANCE REHEARSAL B) LIMITED CAPACITY / INTERFERENCE FUNCTIONS-1) ATTENDING 2) REHEARSING TO PROCESS EX. CHUNKING 3) STORING INTO LTM

5. COMPONENTS OF LONG TERM MEMORY ENCODING- automatic vs. effortful-chunking, mneumonics, maintenance & elborative rehearsal STORAGE- Procedural Memory –Stored long-term knowledge of learned habits and skills. –Examples are how to drive, ride a bike, tie one ’ s shoes, etc. Declarative Memory –Stored long-term knowledge of facts about ourselves and the world. –Includes both semantic (nonpersonal) and episodic (personal) memories

6. STEPS OF LTM cont ’ d RETRIEVAL Explicit Memory –The types of memory elicited through the conscious retrieval of recollections in response to direct questions. –Conscious retention, direct tests, disrupted by amnesia, encoded in the hippocampus Implicit Memory –A nonconscious recollection of a prior experience that is revealed indirectly, by its effects on performance. –Nonconscious retention, indirect tests, intact with amnesia, encoded elsewhere

7. Types of Memory Photographic -ability to form detailed visual images after short exposure to picture. Eidetic-photographic memory in children Flashbulb - vivid recollection of dramatic or emotionally charged events Childhood amnesia -The inability of most people to recall events from before the age of three or four Hindsight Bias - The tendency to think after an event that one knew in advance what was going to happen