1. Chapter 7 Memory

2. Encoding
1st step in remembering
Putting information into memory

3. Storage Second step in remembering information.
Putting information into short term or long term memory

4. Retrieval
Locating stored information and returning it to conscious thought.
3rd step in remembering

5. Types of Long Term Memory
Episodic-memory of your life
Generic/Semantic-fact
Implicit/Procedural (no effort to recall)
skill
Classical conditioning effect

6. Flashbulb memory
Events so important it seems as though it is a photograph in your mind.
Example: Wedding day
Type of episodic memory

7. Types of encoding Semantic: Acoustic-remember by sound
Make something meaningful in order to remember it.
Ex., you remember song lyrics that you like more easily than your class notes
We remember things that are emotional for us-funny, embarrassing, clever, intriguing, etc
Acoustic-remember by sound
Visual-remember what we see

8. amazing memory

9. Processing
Spacing effect- studying a little each night leads to better encoding of information
Primacy effect-beginning of a list goes into long-term memory better.
Recency effect-end of list goes into short-term memory better

10. Mnemonic Devices (help enhance encoding)
Narrative chaining-tell a story linking items
Acronyms-take first letter of each word to be encoded and make them start new words in an easy to remember phrase
Ex.-My Very Eager Mother Just Served us Nachos. (sorry Pluto)

11. Chunking-grouping items to remember them
Over learning-looking at something over and over again until it is learned.

12. Storage Sensory memory- 1st stage of memory through our senses. TYPES:
Iconic Memory- Mental pictures, they are like snapshots
We can remember everything we see for a split second

13. 2. Acoustic/Echoic Memory-
Remembering what you hear
We can remember everything that we hear for 3 seconds

14. Short Term Memory Memory we keep only for a short period of time.
Will forget information later that is in short term memory unless we are able to encode it into long-term memory

15. Long-Term Memory Memories that are in your mind for good
Your mind already holds more information than an encyclopedia or computer hard drive.
Apparently there is no limit to how much we can remember

16. Context-Dependent Memory
Recalling information in the place (context) that you learned the information in.

17. Mood Congruent Memories
Memories that are retrieved because the mood in which they were originally encoded is re-created.

18. Forgetting Interference-
Trouble recalling information because other information gets in the way
Ex. A boy calls his new girlfriend by his old girlfriends name

19. Repression forget a painful event
Misinformation effect- false information can make us remember something that never happened.
Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
Come so close to retrieving information that it seems like the information is on the tip-of-the-tongue.

20. Retrograde amnesia-can’t remember the past
Anterograde amnesia-can’t form new memories