1. Chapter 7 MEMORY Section 1: Three Kinds of Memory Section 2: Three Processes of Memory Section 3: Three Stages of Memory Section 4: Forgetting and Memory Improvement

2. HIPPOCAMPUS “Director” of the memory system Infantile Amnesia – lack of neurons in the hippocampus prior to the age of 3 Memories before age 3 – can happen but not likely 2 Chapter 7

3. Infantile Amnesia Age 3 – My earliest memory is my mom combing my hair on the kitchen table after I took a bath 3 Chapter 7

4. My earliest memory – Age 3 4 Chapter 7

5. Memory?? Do I remember the actual event? (Episodic) OR do I remember the picture? Activity: Sleep Cards 5 Chapter 7

6. Dan Shachter – Harvard University 6 Chapter 7

7. Question: What are the three kinds of memory? THREE KINDS OF MEMORY Episodic memory – memory of a specific event that took place in the person’s presence or through experience Semantic memory – general knowledge that people remember Procedural/Implicit memory – a memory that consists of the skills and procedures one has learned Section 1: Three Kinds of Memory

8. Why Do We Remember?? 1. It is important or emotional? Broke my arm when I was 5 2. It is odd or unique Gave a quiz in a gorilla suit 3. It is a “First” Riding a bike 8 Chapter 7

9. The Process of Memory 9 Chapter 7 Section 2

10. Question: What are the three processes of memory? THREE PROCESSES OF MEMORY Encoding – the translation of information into a form in which it can be stored Storage – the second process of memory and is the maintenance of encoded information over a period of time Retrieval – third process of memory; consists of locating stored information and returning it to conscious thought Section 2: Three Processes of Memory

11. 3 Processes of Memory 1. Encoding – getting information into storage We encode in three basic ways Visual – see it Auditory – hear it Semantic – understand it (MEANING) 11 Chapter 7

12. Processes of Memory 2. Storage There are Three storage capacities Sensory Memory Short Term Memory Long Term Memory 12 Chapter 7

13. 3 Processes of Memory 3. Retrieval – getting information from storage Retrieval Failure – cant get info out Tip of the Tongue (TOT) Retrieval Cues – help to remember (multiple choice) 13 Chapter 7

14. Finding Nemo – Short Term Memory Loss (STM) 14 Chapter 7 Section 3

15. 3 Storage Capacites Sensory Memory – brief / 1 second Driving to school and noticing the cars Short Term Memory – 30 seconds What we experience right now Long Term Memory – infinite Remembering some of my ties 15 Chapter 7 Section 3

16. Question: How are the three stages of memory related to each other? Some images held in sensory memory are transferred to short-term memory. Information that is repeated in short-term memory can be transferred to long-term memory. Section 3: Three Stages of Memory

17. Remembering & Forgetting Serial Position – remember 1 st and Last Primacy Effect – remember 1 st on list Recency Effect – remember last(most recent) on list Activity: I am Going on A Picnic - 17 Chapter 7

18. Chunking Breaking the material into chunks to help with your memory MTVNATONASA 8675309 18 Chapter 7

19. Question: In what ways can memory be improved? IMPROVING MEMORY Drill and Practice – doing something over and over again (repetition) Relating to Things One Already Knows – elaborative rehearsal Forming Unusual Associations – making an unusual or humorous association with something else to help you recall the information Section 4: Forgetting and Memory Improvement

20. Question: In what ways can memory be improved? Constructing Links – constructing a meaningful link between items Using Mnemonic Devices – systems for remembering information Section 4: Forgetting and Memory Improvement IMPROVING MEMORY (continued)

21. Forgetting P - Proactive Interference R - Retroactive Interference I - Inattention M - Motivated Forgetting (Repression) E - Elapse of Time

22. Clive Wearing 22 Chapter 7

23. Leveling Leave out details but got some of the general ideas down Ex. Reading a story to someone and having them repeat what they heard A game of “telephone” 23 Chapter 7

24. Amnesia Retrograde Amnesia - can’t remember what happened before the injury Anterograde Amnesia - can’t remember what happened After the injury Ask For a Great College Roommate story

25. Ebbinghaus Ebbinghaus Curve Forget within hours and then it levels off 25 Chapter 7

26. Bears & Memory 26 Chapter 7