SOL Review Unit 5 & 6 (SOLs 7 & 8) World History I

SOL 7a – Byzantine Empire & Russia Identify the following locations: ◦Body of Water: ◦Land Region: ◦City: ◦Strait: Aegean Sea Mediterranean Sea Black Sea Anatolia Sea of Marmara Constantinople Dardanelles Bosporus

SOL 7a – Byzantine Empire & Russia Identify the advantages to the location of Constantinople: ◦Protection of the eastern frontier ◦Distance from Germanic invasions in the western empire ◦Crossroads of trade ◦Easily fortified site on a peninsula bordered by natural harbors

SOL 7b – Byzantine Empire & Russia The territorial, economic and cultural height of the Byzantine Empire occurred under the rule of: ◦J◦Justinian Identify Justinian’s three main contributions: ◦t◦territorial expansion fformer Roman territories ◦C◦Code of Justinian ccodification of Roman laws ◦e◦expansion of trade The law codes of _______ were heavily influenced by the Code of Justinian. Europe

S OL 7c – Byzantine Empire & Russia Identify the main inspiration for Byzantine art: ◦religion ◦imperial authority What are ‘icons’? ◦religious images depicting people or scenes and used for devotional purposes _________ are a form of art created by assembling colored stones, glass and tiles. Mosaics

SOL 7c – Byzantine Empire & Russia Which culture was the Byzantine Empire successful in preserving? ◦Greco-Roman What public structures were responsible for preserving Greek and Roman knowledge? ◦libraries ◦museums Identify the most common language of the Byzantine Empire: ◦Greek

SOL 7c – Byzantine Empire & Russia After the split with Roman Catholicism, Constantinople became the center for what religion? ◦Eastern (Greek) Orthodox Christianity

SOL 7c – Byzantine Empire & Russia Identify the following structure: Hagia Sophia

SOL 7d – Byzantine Empire & Russia Roman CatholicismEastern Orthodox Language: ◦Latin Head of Church: ◦Pope East or West: ◦West Seat of Power: ◦Rome Celibacy Requirement?: ◦Yes Divorce Permitted? ◦No Use of Icons: ◦Devotional Purposes Language: ◦Greek Head of Church: ◦Patriarch East or West: ◦East Seat of Power: ◦Constantinople Celibacy Requirement: ◦No Divorce Permitted: ◦Yes Use of Icons: ◦Decorative Purposes

SOL 7e – Byzantine Empire & Russia The inhabitants of the region to the north of Constantinople were known as the: ◦Slavs Interaction between the Slavs and Byzantines occurred between what two bodies of water? ◦Black Sea ◦Baltic Sea

SOL 7e – Byzantine Empire & Russia What type of interaction aided in the diffusion of culture between the Slavs and the Byzantine Empire? ◦trade ◦Missionaries What contribution is associated with missionaries St. Cyril and St. Methodius? ◦Cyrillic Alphabet  adoption of Greek alphabet for the Slavic languages What was the purpose of this contribution? ◦aid in the Slavic conversion to Orthodox Christianity

SOL 7e – Byzantine Empire & Russia The city of Constantinople was conquered by the _________________ in 1453? Which country continued on the cultural traditions of the Byzantine Empire after Ottoman conquest? ◦Russia Identify Byzantine characteristics adopted by the Russians and Eastern Europe: ◦religion ◦art ◦architecture Ottoman Turks

SOL 7 The student will demonstrate knowledge of the Byzantine Empire and Russia from about 300 to 1000 A. D.( C. E.) by: a) explaining the establishment of Constantinople as the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire. b) identifying Justinian and his contributions, including the codification of Roman law, and describing the expansion of the Byzantine Empire and economy. c)characterizing Byzantine art and architecture and the preservation of Greek and Roman traditions. d) explaining disputes that led to the split between the Roman Catholic Church and the Greek Orthodox Church. e) mapping and assessing the impact of Byzantine influence and trade on Russia and Eastern Europe.

SOL 8a – Islamic Civilization Identify the geographic location for the founding of Islam: ◦Arabian Peninsula Identify the following: ◦Body of Water Arabian nomads, and early converts, are known as the ______________. Bedouins Red Sea Persian Gulf

SOL 8a – Islamic Civilization According to Islamic tradition, who is considered the last prophet and the founder of the faith? ◦Muhammad Identify three holiest cities of Islam: ◦Mecca ◦Medina ◦Jerusalem

Sol 8a – Islamic Civilization Identify the geographic extent of the Muslim Empire: ◦Central Asia  Persia, etc. ◦Northern Africa ◦Spain

SOL 8a – Islamic Civilization Identify the following concepts of Islam: ◦Holy Text:  Qur’an ◦Monotheistic or Polytheistic:  Monotheistic ◦Arabic word for God:  Allah ◦Basic acts of Islam:  Five Pillars ◦Accepted Jewish/Christian Prophets:  Abraham  Moses  Jesus

SOL 8a – Islamic Civilization Identify the ‘Five Pillars’ of Islam: ◦Faith ◦Prayer ◦Fasting ◦Alms ◦Pilgrimage

SOL 8b – Islamic Civilization The spread of Islam was greatly facilitated by: ◦trade ◦conquest What type of geographic barriers was Islam able overcome? ◦mountains ◦deserts ◦great distances Expansion was facilitated by the weakened state of which two empires? ◦Byzantine Empire ◦Persian Empire

SOL 8b – Islamic Civilization True/False: ◦The political unity established by the Muslim Empire was short-lived.  True Which language spread with Islam and facilitated trade throughout the empire? ◦Arabic True/False: ◦Slavery within the Islamic Civilization was based upon ones race.  False

SOL 8c – Islamic Civilization Identify the cause for the Sunni-Shi’a split after the death of Ali, the fourth and last Rightly Guided Caliph: ◦Shi’a:  Caliph should be a descendent of Muhammad through his grandson Ali. ◦Sunni:  Caliph most only live the Muhammad’s example and have community support.

SOL 8c – Islamic Civilization Islamic conquest of _____________ would later be a rallying call for the Crusades. Identify where the following dynasties moved the Muslim capital: ◦Umayyad Dynasty: ○ Abbasid Dynasty: ◦Damascus ○ Baghdad Jerusalem

SOL 8c – Islamic Civilization The spread of Islam into Europe was halted by Charles Martel and a Christian alliance at which battle? ◦Battle of Tours Which civilization conquered the city of Baghdad in 1258 CE? ◦Mongols

SOL 8d – Islamic Civilization Identify the following structure: Dome of the Rock

SOL 8d – Islamic Civilization Islamic universities and libraries were able to preserve the knowledge of which cultures? ◦Greek ◦Persian ◦Indian Islamic scholars translated ancient texts into _________________. What was the Islamic translation and educational center within Baghdad? ◦House of Wisdom Arabic

SOL 8d – Islamic Civilization Arabic numerals were adopted from which civilization? ◦India Which mathematical branch was established as an independent discipline by the Muslim scholar al-Khwarizmi? ◦Algebra Muslim scholars contributed to which disciplines: ◦Mathematics ◦Medicine ◦Geography ◦Astronomy/Astrology

SOL 8 The student will demonstrate knowledge of Islamic civilization from about 600 to 1000 A. D. ( C. E.) by: a)describing the origin, beliefs, traditions, customs, and spread of Islam. b)assessing the influence of geography on Islamic economic, social, and political development, including the impact of conquest and trade. c)identifying historical turning points that affected the spread and influence of Islamic civilization, with emphasis on the Sunni-Shi’a division and the Battle of Tours. d)citing cultural and scientific contributions and achievements of Islamic civilization.